Chapter 2

Question 1

What is an isotope?

Answer 1

An isotope is an element with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

Question 2

Isotopes of an element with more neutrons have:

Answer 2

Higher mass
Higher density
Higher melting and boiling points
Slower rates of diffusion

Question 3

What is the relative atomic mass of an element?

Answer 3

The relative atomic mass of an element is the weighted mean mass of an atom relative to one-twelfth of the mass of a Carbon -12 atom

Question 4

What is a binary compound?

Answer 4

Compounds made up of only 2 elements

Question 5

What are polyatomic ions?

Answer 5

An ion which contains atoms of more than one element bonded together

Question 6

Ammonium:

Answer 6

NH₄⁺

Question 7

Nitrate:

Answer 7

NO₃^-

Question 8

Hydroxide:

Answer 8

OH^-

Question 9

Nitrite:

Answer 9

NO₂^-

Question 10

Carbonate

Answer 10

CO₃^2-

Question 11

Sulfate

Answer 11

SO₄^2-

Question 12

Sulfite

Answer 12

SO₃^2-

Question 13

Phosphate:

Answer 13

PO₄^3-

Question 14

What is a monoatomic ion?

Answer 14

An ion that contains only one atom

Question 15

What is the relative isotopic mass of an element?

Answer 15

The mass of an isotope relative to 1/12th the mass of a Carbon-12 atom

Question 16

How to calculate relative isotopic mass from given relative atomic masses and percentage abundances:

Answer 16

Isotope mass x isotope abundance + isotope mass x isotope abundance / 100 = relative isotopic mass
E.g:
75% of Chlorine-35 and 25% of Chlorine-37:
75x35+25x37/100 = 35.5 (Mr of chlorine)

Question 17

Zinc:

Answer 17

Zn ²⁺

Question 18

Silver:

Answer 18

Ag ⁺