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Chemistry > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the names of the first 10 members of the alkanes homologous series?

A

Methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane

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2
Q

What are the names of the first 10 alkyl groups?

A

Methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl,

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3
Q

What is the general formula of a compound?

A

The simplest algebraic formula of a member of a homologous series.

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4
Q

What is the general formula for an alkane?

A

CnH2n+2

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5
Q

What is the general formula for an alkene?

A

CnH2n

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6
Q

What is the structural formula of a compound?

A

The minimal detail that shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule.
e.g. for butane: CH3CH2 CH2CH3

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7
Q

What is the displayed formula of a compound?

A

The relative positioning of atoms and the bonds between them

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8
Q

What is the skeletal formula of a compound?

A

The simplified organic formula, shown by removing hydrogen atoms from alkyl chains, leaving just a carbon skeleton and associated functional groups

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9
Q

What is a saturated hydrocarbon?

A

A saturated hydrocarbon has single bonds only

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10
Q

What is an unsaturated hydrocarbon?

A

An unsaturated hydrocarbon contains carbon-to-carbon multiple bonds

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11
Q

What is a homologous series?

A

A family of compounds with similar chemical properties whose successive members differ by the addition of a -CH2 group

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12
Q

What is a hydrocarbon?

A

A hydrocarbon is a compound containing carbon and hydrogen only

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13
Q

What can hydrocarbons be classified as?

A

Aliphatic
Alicyclic
Aromatic

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14
Q

What is an aliphatic hydrocarbon?

A

When the carbon atoms are joined to each other in unbranched or branched chains

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15
Q

What is an alicyclic hydrocarbon?

A

When the carbon atoms are joined to each other in ring structures, with or without branches

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16
Q

What is an aromatic hydrocarbon?

A

When some or all of the carbon atoms are found in a benzene ring

17
Q

How to name an aliphatic alkane?

A
  1. All alkanes have the suffix -ane
  2. Identify the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms and name it
  3. Identify any side chains attached to the longest chain. These side chains are known as alkyl groups. The name of the alkyl group is added as a prefix to the name of the longest chain
  4. Add numbers before any alkyl groups to show the position of the alkyl groups on the longest chain.
18
Q

How to name an alicyclic alkane?

A

Same as aliphatic but the prefix cyclo- is added in front of the stem to show that the carbon atoms are arranged in a ring structure

19
Q

How to name an alkene?

A

Same rules as alkanes except the suffix is -ene. The position of the double bond must also be stated before the -ene.

20
Q

Naming compounds containing functional groups:

A

Identify the functional group and use the table to figure out where to place any prefixes or suffixes

21
Q

What is a functional group?

A

A group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of a compound

22
Q

What is the formula for an alkyl group?

A

CnH2n+1

23
Q

What is a structural isomer?

A

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae

24
Q

What are the two types of covalent bond fission?

A

Homolytic and heterolytic

25
Q

What is homolytic fission?

A

When each bonding atom receives one electron from the bonded pair, forming two radicals

26
Q

What is heterolytic fission?

A

When one bonding atom receives both electrons from the bonded pair

27
Q

What is a radical?

A

A species with an unpaired electron

28
Q

How do you represent a radical?

A

With a dot in front of the species

29
Q

What does a ‘curly arrow’ represent?

A

The movement of an electron pair, showing either heterolytic fission or the formation of a covalent bond

30
Q

What does a ‘half curly arrow’ represent?

A

The movement of a single electron, showing homolytic fission

31
Q

What are the different types of reaction?

A

Addition, substitution and elimination

32
Q

What is an addition reaction?

A

When two reactants join together to form one product

33
Q

What is a substitution reaction?

A

When an atom or group of atoms is replaced by a different atom or group of atoms

34
Q

What is an elimination reaction?

A

An elimination reaction involves the removal of a small molecule from a larger one. In an elimination reaction, one reactant molecule forms two products

Chemistry (20 decks)

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