Chapter 2

Question 1

A molecule formed from the combination of two monosaccharides by dehydration synthesis.

Answer 1

Disaccharide

Question 2

Made up of a chain of carbon atoms called the carbon skeleton

Answer 2

All organic molecules

Question 3

Properties of water

Answer 3

-A polar molecule.
-Universal solvent
-Cohesion
-High heat capacity

Question 4

Reaction that releases more energy than it absorbs.

Answer 4

Exergonic

Question 5

Reactions that absorb more energy than they receive. Require energy and synthesize reactants to forms larger molecules

Answer 5

Endergonic

Question 6

Act as enzymes that regulate biochemical reactions. Examples: Salivary amylase, sucrase, ATPase

Answer 6

Catalytic

Question 7

The enzyme required to catalyze the hydrolysis (splitting) of adenosine triphosphate

Answer 7

ATPase

Question 8

Which bond is the strongest?

Answer 8

Covalent bond

Question 9

Bonds formed when two or more atoms share electrons rather than gaining or losing them

Answer 9

Covalent bond

Question 10

Molecules that have both polar and non polar parts

Answer 10

Amphipathic

Question 11

The sum of protons and neutrons

Answer 11

Mass number

Question 12

The overall charge of an atom is

Answer 12

Neutral

Question 13

Starches require more substrates to be broken down in order to digest. True or false

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Organic compounds are help together by hydrogen bonds. True or false?

Answer 14

False. They are held together by covalent bonds

Question 15

The shape of a protein is determined by

Answer 15

The primary structure and is directly related to its function.

Question 16

What are enzymes?

Answer 16

They are proteins that speed up most biochemical reactions by lowering the activation energy.

Question 17

Lipases break down

Answer 17

Triglycerides

Question 18

What type of lipid is responsible for digestion?

Answer 18

Steroids (Bile salts)

Question 19

The development of heart disease can be attributed to a diet high in

Answer 19

Saturated fats

Question 20

Saturated fats

Answer 20

Fatty acids with single covalent bonds between carbons

Question 21

In DNA, guanine always pairs with

Answer 21

cytosine

Question 22

In DNA, adenine always pairs with

Answer 22

thymine

Question 23

Which pentose sugar is found in DNA

Answer 23

Deoxyribose

Question 24

Sucrose has ——-carbon atoms

Answer 24

12

Question 25

Glucose has six carbon atoms therefore it is named a

Answer 25

Hexose

Question 26

Seven carbon sugars

Answer 26

Heptoses

Question 27

Five carbon sugars

Answer 27

Pentoses

Question 28

Four carbon sugars

Answer 28

Tetroses

Question 29

The storage form of carbohydrates in plants is ______, whereas in animals it is_____

Answer 29

Starch; glycogen

Question 30

The starting substances are known as

Answer 30

the reactants

Question 31

Enzymes reduces the amount of energy required to start a reaction. True or false

Answer 31

True

Question 32

The amount of any substance that has a mass in grams equal to the sum of the atomic masses of all its atoms

Answer 32

A mole

Question 33

If the pH of a solution is decreased from 4 to 3, the concentration of hydrogen ions has

Answer 33

Increased 10 times

Question 34

The concentration of a solution may be expressed by

Answer 34

the amount of solute in a solution

Question 35

In the anaerobic phase

Answer 35

reactions do not require oxygen and glucose is partially broken down by a series of catabolic reactions into pyruvic acid

Question 36

A negatively charged ion

Answer 36

Anion

Question 37

A positively charged ion

Answer 37

Cation

Question 38

The force of attraction that holds together ions with opposite charges

Answer 38

Ionic bond

Question 39

A hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group is a

Answer 39

Fatty acid

Question 40

Ninety-six percent is the body mass is made from

Answer 40

Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen

Question 41

The smallest unit of matter that retains the properties and characteristics of an element is a (an)

Answer 41

Atom

Question 42

Atoms of an element that have different numbers of neutrons and thus different mass numbers

Answer 42

Isotopes

Question 43

An example of a trace mineral in the body

Answer 43

Iodine

Question 44

When two or more atoms, ions, or molecules combine to form new and larger molecules

Answer 44

Synthesis reactions (Anabolism)