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Human Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

A molecule formed from the combination of two monosaccharides by dehydration synthesis.

A

Disaccharide

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2
Q

Made up of a chain of carbon atoms called the carbon skeleton

A

All organic molecules

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3
Q

Properties of water

A

-A polar molecule.
-Universal solvent
-Cohesion
-High heat capacity

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4
Q

Reaction that releases more energy than it absorbs.

A

Exergonic

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5
Q

Reactions that absorb more energy than they receive. Require energy and synthesize reactants to forms larger molecules

A

Endergonic

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6
Q

Act as enzymes that regulate biochemical reactions. Examples: Salivary amylase, sucrase, ATPase

A

Catalytic

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7
Q

The enzyme required to catalyze the hydrolysis (splitting) of adenosine triphosphate

A

ATPase

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8
Q

Which bond is the strongest?

A

Covalent bond

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9
Q

Bonds formed when two or more atoms share electrons rather than gaining or losing them

A

Covalent bond

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10
Q

Molecules that have both polar and non polar parts

A

Amphipathic

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11
Q

The sum of protons and neutrons

A

Mass number

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12
Q

The overall charge of an atom is

A

Neutral

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13
Q

Starches require more substrates to be broken down in order to digest. True or false

A

True

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14
Q

Organic compounds are help together by hydrogen bonds. True or false?

A

False. They are held together by covalent bonds

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15
Q

The shape of a protein is determined by

A

The primary structure and is directly related to its function.

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16
Q

What are enzymes?

A

They are proteins that speed up most biochemical reactions by lowering the activation energy.

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17
Q

Lipases break down

A

Triglycerides

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18
Q

What type of lipid is responsible for digestion?

A

Steroids (Bile salts)

19
Q

The development of heart disease can be attributed to a diet high in

A

Saturated fats

20
Q

Saturated fats

A

Fatty acids with single covalent bonds between carbons

21
Q

In DNA, guanine always pairs with

A

cytosine

22
Q

In DNA, adenine always pairs with

A

thymine

23
Q

Which pentose sugar is found in DNA

A

Deoxyribose

24
Q

Sucrose has ——-carbon atoms

A

12

25
Q

Glucose has six carbon atoms therefore it is named a

A

Hexose

26
Q

Seven carbon sugars

A

Heptoses

27
Q

Five carbon sugars

A

Pentoses

28
Q

Four carbon sugars

A

Tetroses

29
Q

The storage form of carbohydrates in plants is ______, whereas in animals it is_____

A

Starch; glycogen

30
Q

The starting substances are known as

A

the reactants

31
Q

Enzymes reduces the amount of energy required to start a reaction. True or false

A

True

32
Q

The amount of any substance that has a mass in grams equal to the sum of the atomic masses of all its atoms

A

A mole

33
Q

If the pH of a solution is decreased from 4 to 3, the concentration of hydrogen ions has

A

Increased 10 times

34
Q

The concentration of a solution may be expressed by

A

the amount of solute in a solution

35
Q

In the anaerobic phase

A

reactions do not require oxygen and glucose is partially broken down by a series of catabolic reactions into pyruvic acid

36
Q

A negatively charged ion

A

Anion

37
Q

A positively charged ion

A

Cation

38
Q

The force of attraction that holds together ions with opposite charges

A

Ionic bond

39
Q

A hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group is a

A

Fatty acid

40
Q

Ninety-six percent is the body mass is made from

A

Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen

41
Q

The smallest unit of matter that retains the properties and characteristics of an element is a (an)

A

Atom

42
Q

Atoms of an element that have different numbers of neutrons and thus different mass numbers

A

Isotopes

43
Q

An example of a trace mineral in the body

A

Iodine

44
Q

When two or more atoms, ions, or molecules combine to form new and larger molecules

A

Synthesis reactions (Anabolism)

Human Anatomy and Physiology (4 decks)

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