Chapter 2

Question 1

early PH

Answer 1

all ppl + cultrs have been concerned w surrounding birth, death, + illness

Question 2

Elizabethan Poor Law

Answer 2

• PH during colonial period
• 1601 in England
• established systm for poor, blind, + lame individuals
• minimal care in almshouses

Question 3

first hospital in America

Answer 3

1751: first hospital founded in America, the Pennsylvania Hospital in Philadelphia.

Question 4

Frequent epidemics during 17th, 18th, & 19th centuries

Answer 4

epidemics of smallpox, yellow fever, cholera, typhoid, & typhus

-fr strained the limited local organization for health, inadeq housing, + sanitation

Question 5

Public Health Service

Answer 5

1798 - originally Marine Hospital Service:
-fed gov focused its early public health work on providing health care for merchant seamen and protecting seacoast cities from epidemics.

• 1st hospital in Norfolk, VI 1800
• quarantine legislation in 1878

Question 6

Shattuck Report

Answer 6

1850

• first effort that described a modern approach to public health organization
• took info fr MHS/PHS to analyze

Question 7

problem w Shattuck Report

Answer 7

many cities didnt adapt info until decades later

-after, cities did adapt + decr in communicable disease

Question 8

Florence Nightingale

Answer 8

organized nursing practice + education in hospitals to replace lay nurses w trained nurses
-improved sanitary conditions

Question 9

William Rathbone

Answer 9

founded first district nursing assoc (british PH)

• Liverpool, England
• started using nurses in his home to help his wife

Question 10

first nursing school

Answer 10

1870

-based on nightingale model

Question 11

Mary Brewster

Answer 11

• found visiting nurse assoc

- found Henry Street Settlement houses + neighborhood centers

Question 12

Instructive District Nursing

Answer 12

In 1886 in Boston, two women, to improve their chances of gaining financial support for their cause, coined this term to emphasize the relationship of nursing to health education.

Question 13

Jessie Sleet Scales

Answer 13

first African American public health nurse

Question 14

American Red Cross and its Rural Nursing Service

Answer 14

initiated home nursing care in areas outside larger cities.

Question 15

Ada Mayo Stewart

Answer 15

found “industrial nursing” which is now occupational health nursing

-grew out of home visiting efforts

Question 16

Lina Rogers

Answer 16

• first school nurse
• Henry street settle ment resident
• worked with the kids in NYC schools + made home visits to teach parents and to follow up on children absent from school
• focused on excluding infectious children from school rather than on providing or obtaining medical treatments to enable the children to return to school

Question 17

National Organization for Public Health Nursing (NOPHN)

Answer 17

-standardized nursing education

Question 18

American Public Health Association (APHA)

Answer 18

provides forum for nurses to talk about issues

-facilitate interdisciplinary efforts and promote the “practical application of public hygiene.”

Question 19

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

Answer 19

1909

-created a program using visiting nurse organizations to provided care for sick policy holders.

Question 20

1930’s depression

Answer 20

• decr in funding

- first tax to pay was in 1935- SSN act

Question 21

1935 Social Security Act

Answer 21

tax that funds medicaid (for low income) + medicare (for elderly/disabled)

Question 22

Lillian Wald

Answer 22

pioneered public health nursing by placing nurses in public schools and by helping found the National Organization for Public Health Nursing and Columbia University’s School of Nursing.
-henry street settlement