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Intelligent Structural Systems > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of “Smart Materials”

A

Materials that are responsive. Often the response is the conversion of one form of energy into another in useful quantities

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2
Q

Definition of “Field-Dependent Materials”

A

Solids undergo dimensional change (Strain) in response to electric or magnetic fields. Some materials can act as sensors and generate such fields in response to mechanical force.

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3
Q

Name 5 Field-Dependent Materials

A
  1. Piezoelectric
  2. Magnetostrictive
  3. Electrostrictive
  4. Electrorheological Fluid
  5. Magnetorheological Fluid
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4
Q

Definition of “Piezoelectric Materials (PEC)”

A

materials that can produce electric energy upon application of mechanical stress

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5
Q

Definition of “ Magnetostrictive Materials (MS)”

A

Materials that can change shape or dimensions during the process of magnetization.

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6
Q

Definition of “Electrostrictive Materials (ESP)”

A

Materials that can change shape or dimensions during the application of an electric field.

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7
Q

Definition of “Electrorheological Fluids (ERF)”

A

Materials whose rheological properties, flow and deformation behavior in response to a stress, are strong functions of the electric field strength imposed upon them

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8
Q

Definition of “Magnetorheological Fluids (MR)”

A

A fluid in a carrier fluid, usually a type of oil. When subjected to a magnetic field, the fluid greatly increases its apparent viscosity, to the point of becoming a viscoelastic solid.

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9
Q

Examples of “Piezoelectric Materials (PEC)”

A

Zirconate Titanate, cane sugar, quartz, Rochelle salt, and bone

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10
Q

Examples of “Magnetostrictive Materials (MS)”

A

nickel and alloys such as Fe-Al (Alfer), Fe-Ni (Permalloy), Co-Ni, Fe-Co, and Co-Fe-V (Permendur); several ferrites (CoFe2O4 and NiFe2O4)

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11
Q

Examples of “Electrostrictive Materials (ESP)”

A

lead magnesium niobate (PMN)
lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate (PMN-PT)
lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT)

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12
Q

Examples of “Electrorheological Fluids (ERF)”

A

The additive particles which are mixed in the carrier fluids are mainly polymers, alumina silicates, metal oxides silica.
Various carrier fluids are aldehyde, grease, ketones, kerosene, castor oil, chloroform,

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13
Q

Examples of “Magnetorheological Fluids (MR)”

A

Ferrous additive usually in mineral oil, silicone oils, kerosene, water

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14
Q

Pros & Cons of “Piezoelectric Materials (PEC)”

A

perfect for applications that require precise accuracy, such as the movement of a motor but have limited energy outputs, and therefore are potentially cost-prohibitive to feasibly use in any large-scale energy harvesting application

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15
Q

Pros & Cons of “Magnetostrictive Materials (MS)”

A

Good for actuation and sensing but have bad hysterisis properties and non-linear effects

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16
Q

Pros & Cons of “Electrostrictive Materials (ESP)”

A

Need cryogenic temperatures and large magnetic fields(Inefficient) but do not need poling or pre-process to be fully operational

17
Q

Pros & Cons of “Electrorheological Fluids (ERF)”

A

fast response and easy interface between electrical and mechanical input–output but problem is that ER fluids are suspensions, hence in time they tend to settle out

18
Q

Pros & Cons of “Magnetorheological Fluids (MR)”

A

the yield stress of MR fluids is variable which makes it easy to manipulate but a con is the phenomenon called in-use-thickening (IUT), where the fluid is permanently damaged after long-term operation

19
Q

Definition of Shape-Memory Materials

A

featured by the ability to recover their original shape from a significant and seemingly plastic deformation when a particular stimulus is applied

20
Q

2 Examples of Shape-Memory Materials

A

Shape-Memory Alloys (SMA) & Shape-Memory Polymers (SMP)

21
Q

Definition & Examples of Smart Glasses

A

Electrochromic glasses (EC) are glasses that change their transmissivity upon an electrical signal

Susupended-particle- sandwiches suspended, rod-shaped particles between two
transparent layers, which is also opaque until it encounters a current

22
Q

Definition & Examples of Fiber Optical Sensors

A

light from a laser or any superluminescent source is transmitted via an optical fiber, experiences changes in its parameters either in the optical fiber or fiber Bragg gratings and reaches a detector which measures these changes.
Temp, Pressure, strain, voltages, etc.

23
Q

Definition & Examples of Photostrictive Materials

A

photostriction is the generation of strain by irradiation of light

Polar & non-polar Semiconductors

24
Q

Name 4 Smart Materials that utilize electric field for both actuation and sensing.

A

Piezoceramics, piezopolymers, electrostrictors, electrorheological fluids

25
Q

Name 2 Smart Materials that utilize Magnetic Field for both Actuation and Sensing

A

Magnetrostrictors

Magnetorheological fluids

26
Q

Name 4 Smart Materials that Utilize Thermal Energy for both sensing and actuation

A

Shape Memory alloys, ceramics, polymers, mechanocalories

27
Q

Name 3 Smart Materials that Utilize Light energy for actuation

A

Special gels, photostrictors, mechanophotochemics

28
Q

Name 1 Smart Materials tha utilizes light energy for sensing

A

fiber optical sensors

29
Q

Name 2 Smart Materials that utilizes Chemical Energy for actuation

A

mechanochemics

ionic polymeric gels

30
Q

Name 1 Smart material that uses Chemical Energy for Sensing

A

Ionic polymeric gels

31
Q

Outcome of using Electric Field (2)

A

Resistance and capacity charge

32
Q

Outcome of using Magnetic Field (2)

A

Resistance and Inductance

33
Q

Outcome of using Thermal Energy (1)

A

Resistance

34
Q

Outcome of using Light Energy (1)

A

Light Intensity

35
Q

Outcome of Using Chemical Energy (1)

A

Concentration pH

Intelligent Structural Systems (4 decks)

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