Chapter 2 Flashcards
Conception
Act of becoming pregnant
Ovulation
ovary’s release of mature egg into the cavity near the end of one of fallopian tubes
Feralization
Occurs during the exact moment the egg and the sperm combine
Zygote
Genetic material in the egg + sperm combine 2 form a single cell called a zygote.
blastocyst
mass of cells formed by zygote cell devision
Embryo
product of conception from point of attachment to uterus to 8 weeks gestation
Gestation
period of time from conception
fetus
8 weeks till birth
How can pregnancy be diagnosed
lab test
observing mothers symptoms
performing physical examination
missed period
many 1st aware of pregnancy
can have other causes
lab tests still needed
Human Chronic Gonadotropin (HCG)
- in woman’s urine/blood
- secreted by placenta
- lab tests can detect after 8 days
- at home tests, detect after 1st day since period supposed to start.
At home tests
- 99% accurate
- false negatives more common
length of average pregnancy
280 days
What is the most critical trimester
1st
1st month
- primitive heart + digestive system
- basic initiation brain + nervous system
- small buds for arms and legs
2nd month
facial features recognizable
3rd month
- formation of arms, hands, legs and feet
- fetal movement frequently detected.
Symptoms
- most 1st trimester
- due to increase in hormones
2nd trimester baby
- fairly regular heartbeat
- sleep + wake at regular times
- thumb inserted into mouth
2nd trimester mother
- most unappealing symptoms subside
- feel fetus move
- belly expands
- edema - water retention - swelling
3rd trimester baby
- complete development
- 26 week viability, survive outside body
3rd trimester mother
- uterus expands
- belly large + heavy
- weigh stresses muscles + skeleton (backache + cramps)
- pressure on organs
Nutrition
- gain 25-35 pounds
- 300-500 additional calories
- need protein, iron, calcium, folic acid, vitamin B
Too little weight gain
- low birth weight
- increase risk of mental motor impairment
- higher infant mortality
Too much weight gain
- increase risk of miscarriage, complications and birth defects
Drugs
- may cross placenta + enter bloodstream of the fetus.
- teratogens cause fetus malformations
