Chapter 2

Question 1

______ design includes the manipulation of a variable.

Answer 1

Experimental

Question 2

Ella explains that for her study she has defined aggression as the number of hot peppers participants allocate to a fictitious competitor. This is her ______ definition of aggression.

Answer 2

operational

Question 3

A(n) ______ definition states the meaning of an abstract concept.

Answer 3

conceptual

Question 4

Experimental independent variables are characterized by researcher ______.

Answer 4

manipulated for outcome observation

Question 5

What is a statement that describes patterns found in the data, from which a theory is formulated?

Answer 5

Empirical generalization

Question 6

Mary has recruited 30 participants to test her classical music theory. She numbers each participant as 1–30. She then assigns them to one of three groups by drawing 1–30 numbered slips out of box. She is using what sampling method?

Answer 6

simple random sampling

Question 7

Paola wants to know how many fourth grade students use social media and what applications they use most often. This type of inquiry is best suited for what research design?

Answer 7

survey design

Question 8

Correlation research differs from experimental research by focusing on how variables ______.

Answer 8

are associated

Question 9

You are interested in studying the brains of people diagnosed with schizophrenia and comparing these brains with those of people diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder. Which of the research designs from our “toolbox” would you choose?

Answer 9

Quasi-experiment

Question 10

True experiments have high____ validity but low _____ validity

Answer 10

internal, external

Question 11

_______ provides a strong and powerful test for research that aims to establish a cause-and-effect relationship between independent and dependent variables.

Answer 11

True experiment

Question 12

Jan is using a driving simulation to study driving errors when distracted. The extent to which Jan’s simulation across various sampling populations yields similar results is referred to as her experiment’s ______.

Answer 12

generalizability

Question 13

Multicultural analysis acknowledges humans cannot be randomly ______ to ______.

Answer 13

assigned; cultures

Question 14

Why, after the first two of the Major League Baseball season, is the highest batting average .450, but no player over 100 years has ever achieved an average as high as 450 for the entire season?

Answer 14

All of the above