chapter 1 Flashcards
__________ is a mental shortcut that can lead to systematic error.
Heuristic
The roots of the scientific method can be traced to
Natural philosophy
________ constitute empirical evidence against which all scientific knowledge is tested.
Data
________ is a common metric used throughout science to determine the strength of empirical evidence, or the probability that the obtained results from psychological studies are due to chance
P-value
Which of the following question would be considered a question best addressed through the scientific method?
Does Prozac work?
In philosophy, “is” questions are to_______ as “ought” questions are to ________.
Empiricism, Ethics
Which of the following statements is not an example of a testable hypothesis?
Cigarette smoking should be banned in all college dormitories.
The _______ hypothesis makes a prediction before collecting data.
A priori
______predicts, and a _________ explains
Hypothesis, Theory
The _________ variable measures the effect of a manipulated variable.
Dependent
The _____variable is manipulated.
Independent
_________ is an attribute like height, weight, or happiness that is measurable and that is assigned changing values.
Variable
________occurs when some members of the population are less likely than others to be included in the study.
Sample bias
A researcher wants to maximize __________, the extent to which findings that are derived from a sample can be applied to a wider population.
Generalizability
In evaluating a research study, one important question pertains to the validity of the study’s findings. Which of the following questions would you ask if you were concerned about the validity of a study’s findings?
Do the findings of the study generalize to a wider population?
