Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Lifespan Development > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the new cell formed by the process of fertilization?

A

Zygote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the basic unit of genetic information?

A

genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the substance that genes are composed of that determines the nature of every cell in the body and how it will function?

A

DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the rod-shaped portions of DNA that are organized in 23 pairs?

A

Chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are twins who are genetically identical?

A

monozygotic twins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are twins who are produced when two separate ova are fertilized by two separate sperm at roughly the same time?

A

dizygotic twins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the one trait that is expressed when two competing traits are present?

A

dominant trait

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the underlying combination of genetic material present in an organism?

A

genotype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a trait within an organism that is present, but is not expressed?

A

recessive trait

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is inheriting from parents similar genes for a given trait?

A

homozygous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is an observable trait; the trait that actually is seen?

A

phenotype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is inheriting from parents different forms of a gene for a given trait?

A

heterozygous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is inheritance in which a combination of multiple gene pairs is responsible for the production of a particular trait?

A

Polygenic inheritance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are genes that are considered recessive and located only on the X-chromosome?

A

x-linked genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the study of the effects of heredity on behavior?

A

behavioral genetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a disorder produced by the presence of an extra chromosome on the 21st pair; once referred to as mongolism?

A

Down syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a disorder produced by injury to a gene on the x chromosome, producing mild to moderate mental retardation?

A

fragile x syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a blood disorder that gets its name from the shape of the red blood cells in those who have it?

A

sickle-cell anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is a disorder that produces blindness and muscle degeneration prior to death; there is no treatment?

A

tay-sachs disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is a disorder resulting from the presence of an extra x chromosome that produces underdeveloped genitals, extreme height, and enlarged breasts?

A

klinefelter’s syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the disciple that focuses on helping people deal with issues relating to inherited disorders?

A

genetic counseling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is a process in which high-frequency sound waves scan the mothers womb to produce an image of the unborn baby, who’s size and shape can than be assessed?

A

ultrasound songraphy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is attest used to find genetic defects that involves taking samples of hair like material that surrounds the embryo?

A

chorionic villus sampling

24
Q

What is the process of identifying genetic defects by examining a small sample of fetal cells drawn by a needle inserted into the amniotic fluid surrounding the unborn fetus?

A

amniocentesis

25
Q

What are the patterns of arousal and emotionality that represent consistent and enduring characteristics in an individual?

A

Temperant

26
Q

What is the determination of traits by a combination of both genetic and environmental factors in which a genotype provides a range within which a phenotype may be expressed?

A

multifactorial transmission

27
Q

What is the process by which a sperm an ovum the male and female gametes, respectively–join to forma single new cell?

A

Fertilization

28
Q

What is the first -and shortest- stage of the prenatal period, which takes place during the first 2 weeks following conception?

A

Germinal stage

29
Q

What is a conduit between the mother and fetus, providing nourishment and oxygen via the umbilical cord?

A

placenta

30
Q

What is the period from 2 to 8 weeks following fertilization during which significant growth occurs in the major organs and body systems?

A

embryonic stage

31
Q

What is the stage that begins at about 8 weeks after conception and continues until birth?

A

fetal stage

32
Q

What is a developing child, from 8 weeks after conception until birth?

A

fetus

33
Q

What is the inability to conceive after 12 to 18 months of trying to become pregnant?

A

Infertility

34
Q

What is process of fertilization in which a mans sperm is placed directly in a woman’s reproductive tract by a physician?

A

artificial insemination

35
Q

What is procedure in which a woman’s ova are removed from her ovaries, and a man’s sperm are used to fertilize the ova in a laboratory?

A

in vitro fertilization

36
Q

What is a factor that produces a birth defect?

A

Teratogen

37
Q

What is a disorder caused by the pregnant mother consuming substantial quantities of alcohol during pregnancy, potentially resulting in mental retardation and delayed growth in the child?

A

fetal alcohol syndrome

38
Q

What is a condition in which children display some, although not all, of the problems of fetal alcohol syndrome due to the mothers consumption of alcohol during pregnancy?

A

fetal alcohol effects

39
Q

What is the term used for newborns?

A

neonates

40
Q

What is a close physical and emotional contact between parent and child ruing the period immediately following birth?

A

bonding

41
Q

What is a restriction of oxygen to the baby, lasting a few minutes during the birth process, which can produce cognitive defects?

A

anoxia

42
Q

What is a standard measurement that looks for a variety of indications of good health in newborns?

A

Apgar scale

43
Q

What is an incision sometimes made to increase the size of the opening of the vagina to allow the baby to pass?

A

episiotomy

44
Q

What are infants who are born prior to 38 weeks after conception?

A

preterm infants

45
Q

What are infants who weigh less than 2,500 grams at birth?

A

low-birth weight infants

46
Q

What are infants who, because of delayed fetal growth, weight 90 percent of the average weight of infants of the same gestational age?

A

small-for-gestational-age infants

47
Q

What are infants who weigh less than 1,250 grams, or regardless of weight, have been in the womb less than 30 weeks?

A

very-low-birth weight infants

48
Q

What are infants still unborn 2 weeks after the mothers due date?

A

post mature infants

49
Q

What is a birth in which the baby is surgically removed from the uterus, rather than traveling through the birth canal?

A

cesarean delivery

50
Q

What is device that measure the baby’s heartbeat during labor?

A

fetal monitor

51
Q

What is the delivery of a child who is not alive, occurring in fewer than 1 delivery in 100?

A

stillbirth

52
Q

What is death within the first year of life?

A

infant mortality

53
Q

What are unlearned, organized involuntary responses that occur automatically in the presence of certain stimuli?

A

reflexes

54
Q

What is type of learning in which an organism responds in a particular way to a neutral stimulus that normally does not bring about that type of response?

A

classical conditioning

55
Q

What is a form of learning in which a voluntary response is strengthened or weekend, depending on its association with positive or negative consequences?

A

operant conditioning

56
Q

What is the decrease in the response to a stimulus that occurs after repeated presentations of the same stimulus?

A

habituation

57
Q

What are different degrees of sleep and wakefulness through which newborns cycle, ranging from deep sleep to great agitation?

A

states of arousal

Lifespan Development (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions