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psychology test 1 > chapter 2 > Flashcards

chapter 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is evolutionary psychology?

A

studies how natural selection and adaption help explain behaviour and mental processes

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2
Q

what is neuroscience?

A

how biological processes relate to behavioural and mental processes

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3
Q

what are neurons?

A

cells that receive and transmit electrochemical information

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4
Q

what is the all or none law?

A

either neurons are either on or off

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5
Q

what is the resting state?

A

when there is negative electrical charge

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6
Q

what is an action potential?

A

where communication happens. a neural impulse that carries information along the axon

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7
Q

what is a synapse?

A

the space between two neurons where the axon of a sending neuron communicates with the dendrites of a receiving neutron using chemical messages

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8
Q

what is a neurotransmitter?

A

chemicals that carry messages across the synaspe to the dendrite

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9
Q

what are excitatory messages?

A

a message that makes a receiving neuron fire and an action potential travel down the axon

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10
Q

what is an inhibitory message?

A

a chemical message that prevents or decreases the likelihood that a receiving neuron will fire

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11
Q

what are the three structures of the hindbrain?

A

medulla, pons and cerebellum

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12
Q

what is the hindbrain?

A

the part of the brain that controls basic functions like eating and sleeping

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13
Q

what is the medulla?

A

life survival functions

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14
Q

what is the pons?

A

breathing, moving, waking, sleeping and dreaming

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15
Q

what is the cerebellum?

A

balance, muscular movements, perception and cognition (some aspects)

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16
Q

what is the midbrain?

A

brain structures in the middle of brain that coordinate sleep, arousal and movement patterns

17
Q

what is the reticular formation?

A

from the medulla through the pons made up of nerve cells and can produce arousal

18
Q

what does the forebrain include?

A

thalamus: sends sensory messages to the cerebral cortex about senses
hypothalamus: has emotions, drives

19
Q

what is the cerebral cortex?

A

known as the new brain and has four major sections called lobes (sensations, higher mental processes and motor control)

20
Q

what is the frontal lobe?

A

receives and coordinates messages from other lobes and is responsible for motor control, speech production and higher functions

21
Q

what is the parietal lobes?

A

located at the top of the brain and interprets bodily sensation

22
Q

what is the temporal lobes?

A

responsible for audition, language , memory and some emotion control

23
Q

what are the occipital lobes?

A

responsible for vision and visual perception

24
Q

what is the motor area?

A

responsible for the bodys voluntary movement

25
Q

what is the left hemisphere responsible for?

A

require verbal competence like speaking reading thinking and reasoning

26
Q

what is the right hemisphere responsible for?

A

non verbal areas like relationships, music and emotional expression

27
Q

what are stem cells?

A

cells that give birth to new specialized cells

28
Q

what is neuroplasticity?

A

brain’s lifelong ability to reorganize and change its structure and function

29
Q

can brain cells be created after childhood?

A

yes

30
Q

what are the 5 ways you can strengthen your mind?

A

you can build concentration, you can detach yourself, mindfulness, self compassion and self understanding

31
Q

what is the nervous system composed of?

A

central nervous system, peripheral nervous system

32
Q

what is the central nervous system composed of?

A

the brain and spinal cord (transmitting messages between the brain and rest of the body)

33
Q

what is the spinal cord?

A

a bundle of neurons that leaves the brain and runs down the length of the back and is the main means for transmitting messages between the brain and the body

34
Q

what is the peripheral system?

A

made up of neurons with long axons and dendrites. branches out from the spinal cord and brain to reach the extremities of the body

35
Q

what is the somatic nervous system?

A

connects to sensory receptors and controls skeletal muscles (voluntary muscle activation)

36
Q

what is the autonomic nervous system?

A

controls involuntary bodily functions and is further divided into the sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system.

37
Q

what is the sympathetic nervous system?

A

prepares the body for stressful situations (fight or flight response)

38
Q

what is the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

calms the body after an emergency has ended (maintaining painting normal functions)

psychology test 1 (2 decks)

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