Chapter 2

Question 1

List the 3 main parts of a neuron

Answer 1

Cell body, Axon, and Dendrites

Question 2

List the 5 main functions of the skeletal system. How does the skeletal skeletal system allows for movement? What system acts t move the skeletal system by attaching to bones.

Answer 2

The 5 main functions of the skeletal system include: support, protection, allowing movement, blood cell production and mineral storage. The skeletal system allows movement by the bones linking together o create joints. The muscular system must act to move the skeletal system as they connect to bones via tendons

Question 3

Define Arthrokinematics. Note the 3 major motion types.

Answer 3

Arthrokinematics is defined as joint motion.
A rolling motion in the real world would be the way the femoral and tibial condyles roll across one another during knee flexion and extension.
A sliding motion in the real world would be the way the shoulder blade slides across the ribcage during pronation and supination movements.
A spinning motion in the real world would be the way the radius spins on the humerus during pronation and supination movements.

Question 4

List and describe the three layers of connective tissue within the muscle. What is the innermost layer?

Answer 4

Epimysium: Outermost layer of muscular connective tissue.
Perimysium: middle layer of muscular connective tissue that surrounds the muscle fascicles.
Endomysium: Innermost layer of muscular connective tissue.

Question 5

Describe the process of initiating a muscular contraction and ending a muscular contraction.

Answer 5

Initiating a muscular contraction

1. Acetylcholine (ACh) is released and binds to receptors
2. Action potential reached T tubule
3. Sarcoplasmic reticulum releases Calcium
4. Active site exposure and cross-bridge binding
5. Contractions begin

Ending a muscular contraction

1. ACh is removed
2. Sarcoplasmic reticulum gathers calcium
3. Active sites become covered so no cross-bridge bind can occure
4. Contractions end
5. Muscle is relaxed

Question 6

Discuss the difference between Type I and Type II muscle fiber.

Answer 6

Type I - Slow Twitch.

• Increased oxygen delivery
• Smaller
• Less force
• Long-term contractions
• Slow to fatigue

Type II - Fast Twitch

• Decreased oxygen delivery
• Larger
• More force
• Short-term contractions
• Quick to fatigue

Question 7

Describe the difference and similarities between Golgi Tendon Organ and Muscle spindles.

Answer 7

Golgi Tendon Organ is located in the tendons of each muscle and sense changes in muscular tension.
The muscle spindles are located in the muscle itself and sense a change in muscular length

Question 8

List the agonist, synergist, stabilizer and antagonist for the chest press, overhead press, row and squat.

Answer 8

Chest Press: Pec Major (Agonist) Triceps/Anterior Deltoid (Synergist) Rotator cuff (Stabilizer) Posterior Deltoid (Antagonist)
Overhead Press: Deltoid (Agonist) Triceps (Synergist) Rotator cuff (Stabilizer) Latissimus Dorsi (Antagonist)
Row: Latissims Dorsi (Agonist) Bicep/Posterior Deltoid (Synergist) Rotator Cuff (Stabilizer) Pec Major (Antagonist)
Squat: Quadriceps/Gluteus Max (Agonist) Hamstrings (Synergist) Deep Core Muscles (Stabilizer) Hip Flexors (Antagonist)