Chapter 2

Question 1

locus

Answer 1

specific place on a chromosome occupied by an allele

Question 2

genotype

Answer 2

set of alleles possessed by an individual organism

Question 3

heterozygote

Answer 3

two different alleles at locus

Question 4

homozygote

Answer 4

two of the same alleles at locus

Question 5

phenotype or trait

Answer 5

appearance or manifestation of a character

Question 6

character

Answer 6

an attribute or feature

Question 7

how did mendel cross different varieties of peas

Answer 7

by removing the anthers from flowers to prevent self fertilization. he then dusted the stigma with pollen from a different plant.

Question 8

monohybrid cross

Answer 8

involves mating 2 parent strains that differ in a single trait

Question 9

what did mendels monohybrid crosses reveal

Answer 9

the principle of segregation and the concept of dominance

Question 10

segregation

Answer 10

results from the separation of homologous chromosomes in meiosis

Question 11

punnett square

Answer 11

used to determine the results of a genetic cross

Question 12

what do ratios describe

Answer 12

the probability of a particular phenotype or genotype, given the properties of the parent generation

Question 13

branch diagram

Answer 13

can be used to determine the phenotypes and expected proportions of offspring from a dihybrid cross

Question 14

test cross

Answer 14

when you’re crossing one organism and you might not know if its dominant for a certain trait

Question 15

goodness of fit chi squared test

Answer 15

indicates the probability that differences between the expected and observed values are due to chance