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Genetics Test 1 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are the 3 sub divisions of genetics

A

transmission, molecular, and population

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2
Q

transmission genetics

A

the study of heredity and genes on chromosomes

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3
Q

molecular genetics

A

the physical nature of genes

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4
Q

population genetics

A

changes in genetics content of populations (evolution)

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5
Q

gregor mendel

A

principles of heredity, 1800s

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6
Q

charles darwin

A

theory of evolution via natural selection, 1859

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7
Q

walter sutton

A

proposed that genes were on chromosomes, 1900s

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8
Q

thomas morgan

A

fruit fly model and population genetics, 1900s

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9
Q

another term for flow of genetic information

A

central dogma of genetic information

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10
Q

order of the flow of genetic information

A 
DNA synthesis (replication)
RNA synthesis (transcription)
protein synthesis (translation)
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11
Q

what are the three categories of the tree of life

A

bacteria (prokaryote)
archea (prokaryote)
eukarya (eukaryote)

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12
Q

what differentiates prokaryotes from eukaryotes

A

sequence of ribosomal RNA

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13
Q

characteristics of prokaryotes

A 
single circular chromosome (haploid)
contain genetic information
no nucleus, DNA is in the cytoplasm
less DNA
no membrane bound organelles or cytoskeleton
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14
Q

characteristics of eukaryotes

A

massive amount of interior membranes
usually larger cells
pairs of several amounts of linear chromosomes (diploid)
contains nucleus
more DNA
has membrane bound organelles and cytoskeleton

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15
Q

gene

A

the fundamental unit of heredity

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16
Q

allele

A

variant forms of individual genes

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17
Q

mutation

A

permanent, heritable change in DNA

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18
Q

genome

A

cells complement of genes

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19
Q

DNA is arranged in cells to form…

A

chromosomes

20
Q

virus

A

simple replicative structure consisting of protein and nucleic acid. the protein coat surrounds a piece of nucleic acid (DNA)
is A cellular, or non cellular

21
Q

interphase

A

biggest phase where cell grows

22
Q

G0

A

growth 0, a nonreplicating stage

23
Q

G1

A

first stage for a new cell

24
Q

S

A

synthesis of DNA

25
Q

G2

A

second growth stage

26
Q

what is needed in order to move on to M phase

A

replication of genetic information

27
Q

cytokinesis

A

division of the cell into 2 new cells

28
Q

M phase

A

nuclear and cell division aka mitosis

29
Q

diploid cell

A

has two sets of chromosomes organized as homologous pairs

30
Q

karyotype

A

comparing of chromosomes

31
Q

telomeres

A

important during replication process (stable ends)

32
Q

centromere

A

constricted region of the chromosome where the kinetochores form and the spindle microtubules attach

33
Q

chromatid

A

one part of the chromosome

34
Q

metacentric

A

centromere in the middle

35
Q

submetacentric

A

has one side a bit shorter than the other

36
Q

acrocentric

A

has very short P

37
Q

telocentric

A

centromere is almost at telomeres

38
Q

prophase

A

contains replicated chromosomes

39
Q

prometaphase

A

the nuclear membrane disintegrates

40
Q

metaphase

A

the chromosomes align in the center of the cell. at each centromere there are connections to microtubule proteins

41
Q

anaphase

A

with shortening, the chromosomes are pulled apart from their pairs

42
Q

telophase

A

the reestablishment of a new nuclear membrane around the two sets of chromosomes

43
Q

meiosis

A

formation of gametes (germ cells) and involves 2 cell divisions

44
Q

meiosis 1

A

reduction division

45
Q

meiosis 2

A

equational division

Genetics Test 1 (5 decks)

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