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Biology 1406 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Any substance that has mass and occupies space?

A

matter

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2
Q

extremely small particles?

A

atoms

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3
Q

Proton charge?

A

positive +

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4
Q

Neutron charge?

A

neutral

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5
Q

Electron charge?

A

negative -

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6
Q

the amount of a substance is it’s…

A

mass

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7
Q

the force gravity exerts on a substance…

A

weight

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8
Q

atoms of a single element that possess different numbers of neutrons?

A

isotopes

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9
Q

atom having more protons than electons and is net positive

A

cation

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10
Q

atom having fewer protons than electrons and has a net negative charge

A

anion

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11
Q

definition of energy?

A

the ability to do work

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12
Q

loss of an electron is called?

A

oxidation

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13
Q

gain of an electron is called?

A

reduction

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14
Q

electrons in the outermost energy level are known as?

A

valence electrons

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15
Q

atoms tend to establish completely full outer energy levels is known as the _______ rule?

A

octet rule (8)

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16
Q

12 elements found in common living organisms?

A

C, H, O, N, P, S, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cl

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17
Q

a group of atoms held together in a stable association by energy?

A

a molecule

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18
Q

ions held together by electrostatic forces…

A

ionic bonds

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19
Q

chemical bonds formed by atoms sharing electrons?

A

covalent bonds

20
Q

covalent bonds form when?

A

two atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons

21
Q

double bonds are stonger than single bonds. True or False?

A

True

22
Q

a property where atoms differ in their affinity for electrons is called?

A

electronegativity

23
Q

non polar means

A

equally shared electrons

24
Q

polar means

A

unequal sharing of electrons

25
Q

4 most common atoms

A

C, H, O, N

26
Q

weak chemical attraction that disappears if atoms move even a little bit apart?

A

van der Waals force (attraction)

27
Q

formation and breaking of chemical bonds are?

A

chemical reactions

28
Q

chemical reactions occur by three important factors:

A

temperature, concentration of reactants/products, catalysts

29
Q

cohesion of liquid water is responsible for its:

A

surface tension

30
Q

adhesion is responsible for

A

meniscus

31
Q

defined as the amount of energy required to change 1g of a stubstance from a liquid to a gas:

A

heat of vaporization

32
Q

water loving

A

hydrophilic

33
Q

water fearing

A

hydrophobic

34
Q

The weight of a substance in grams that corresponds to the atomic mass of all the atoms in a molecule is called?

A

a mole

35
Q

any substance that dissociates in water to increase [H+] and lower pH is?

A

an acid

36
Q

any substance that combines with H+ when dissolved in water and lowers the [H+] (increasing pH) is?

A

a base

37
Q

any substance that resists change in pH

A

a buffer

38
Q

The number of protons and neutrons in an element makes up the…

A

atomic mass

39
Q

The mass number of each element is found UNDER the symbol and equates to the sum of protons and neutrons in the element. True or False?

A

True

40
Q

Any atom with a charge is known as an:

A

ion

41
Q

non polar means equal sharing. True or False?

A

True

42
Q

Anytime O2 bonds with anything other than itself it is a POLAR bond. True or False?

A

True

43
Q

Hydrocarbons are always nonpolar bonds. True or False

A

True

44
Q

Adhesion, Cohesion, high surface tension, heat of vaporization, 3 phases of matter (liquid, gas, solid), Polar, universal solvent, these are all known as the properties of what?

A

Water

45
Q

Water is a solute. True or False?

A

False. Water is a solvent

46
Q

sugar is a solvent. T or F?

A

False. Sugar is a solute

47
Q

What is the acronym for potential of hydrogen?

A

pH

Biology 1406 (3 decks)

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