Chapter 2

Question 1

Emperor Constantine

Answer 1

Legalized Christianity in 312

Question 2

Emperor Theodosius

Answer 2

Made Christianity official religion in 392

Question 3

Egeria

Answer 3

Spanish nun on pilgrimage to Jerusalem. Described services there in 400 C.E.

Question 4

St. Augustine

Answer 4

Early church leader who feared music’s ability to arouse strong fillings and believed it was a sin.

Question 5

Schola Cantorum

Answer 5

School of singers founded in late 7th century. Was a key part of creation of Gregorian Chant.

Question 6

Pepin the Short

Answer 6

King of the Franks(French). His role in ordering codification(standardizing) of chant helped unify his kingdom.

Question 7

Charlemagne

Answer 7

Pepin’s son who expanded territory to include present-day western Germany, Switzerland, and Northern Italy.

Question 8

Frankish and the Roman singers

Answer 8

Collaborated to create Gregorian Chant.

Question 9

St. Gregory

Answer 9

Credited with codifying Gregorian chant though he did not actually have had anything to deal with composing or standardizing chant.

Question 10

Isadore of Seville

Answer 10

Quoted, “Unless sounds are remembered by man, they perish for they cannot be written down”.

Question 11

Guido de Arezzo

Answer 11

Monk of 11th century. Developed system with additional lines. Also divesed a set of syllables for sight-singing.

Question 12

Pope Pius X

Answer 12

Made modern education created by Solesmes monks the official Vatican editions in 1903.

Question 13

Martianus Capella and Boethius

Answer 13

Writers who transmitted legacy of Greek Theory.

Question 14

Boethius

Answer 14

Revered as top authority of music in Middle Ages. Wrote “De Institution Musica”- The Fundamentals of Music.

Question 15

Psalms

Answer 15

Poems of praise.

Question 16

Synagogues

Answer 16

Centers for readings and homolies. Not worship.

Question 17

Cantillation

Answer 17

Melodic formulas to which scripture was chanted. Based on phrase division of texts. Jewish.

Question 18

Liturgy

Answer 18

Body of text and ritual actions assigned to each service.

Question 19

Name the the four chant dialects.

Answer 19

Gregorian, Byzantine, Ambrosian and Old Roman.

Question 20

Neumes

Answer 20

Signs to indicate melodic direction. Placed above words. Pitch was not absolute.

Question 21

diastematic nuemes

Answer 21

Heightened signs placed words to individual relative sizes of intervals.

Question 22

Solesmes notation

Answer 22

Developed by solesmes monks, made off education for Vatigan in 1903 by Pope. Had a four line staff and for C Clef (relative pitch).

Question 23

Neume (later meaning)

Answer 23

Later refered to as a note or note group in solosmes notation.

Question 24

What does a dot add after a note?

Answer 24

It doubles the value of the note.

Question 25

Astaricks

Answer 25

The chorus takes over the melodic line after the soloist.

Question 26

Musica mundana

Answer 26

Music of the universe. Numberical relations governing movement of the stars, planets, seasons, and elements.

Question 27

Musica Humana

Answer 27

Human music- unification of body, soul and their parts.

Question 28

Musica instrumentalis

Answer 28

Instrumental music that is produced from voice or instrument that is audible.

Question 29

Authentic modes

Answer 29

Range from step below final to octave above it.

Question 30

Plagal modes

Answer 30

4th or 5th below final to 5th or 6th above.

Question 31

Reciting tone

Answer 31

most prominent note in a chant.

Question 32

Hexachord

Answer 32

Six note pattern system devised by Guido

Question 33

Solmization

Answer 33

A set of syllables devised by Guido.

Question 34

Quilisma

Answer 34

Wavy line in ascending figures for individual vocal ornament.

Question 35

What primary instrument was used in Medieval times?

Answer 35

Voice. Instrumental music was prohibited in the church.

Question 36

Cantillation

Answer 36

Chanting of a sacred text by a soloist usually in a Jewish Synagogue.