Chapter 1 Flashcards
Do not fail.
Which culture left more surviving evidence than any others in ancient times and influenced Western Music?
Greeks.
Ancient Mesopotamia
First forms of writing and build first cities.
Who is Enheduanna?
First known composer. Text only survives.
What did the Babalonians leave behind?
Instructions on how to tune strings using 7-note diatonic scale and interval theory that was used to create earliest known notation.
Who is Dionysus?
The Greek God of fertility and Wine. The Aulos was used to worship this God (flute).
Who is Apollo?
The Greek God of light, learning and prophecy. The lyre was used to worship him.
What theories did Plato hold about music?
He believed music and gymnastic were essential to achieve balance between the body and the mind. The Dorian and Phrgian scales were thought to create courage and temperance.
What philosopher believed that music was not to be too complex or risk becoming corrupted?
Plato.
What philosopher believed that music could purge negative emotion?
Aristotle.
What were Aristotle’s views about music?
He believed that music was meant only for educational purposes to self-improve rather than for the pleasure of others.
Who is the founder of Greek music theory?
Pythagoreaus.
Who coined the term, “Harmony of the Spheres?” What does it mean?
Plato. It is the inaudible music created by the movement of planets and other heavenly bodies.
Who found mathematical relationships for intervals?
Pythagoreaus.
2:1 Ratio is an______?
Octave.
3:2 Ratio is an______?
5th.
4:3 Ratio is an ______?
4th.
Who was the last important writer of Greek music theory?
Aristide Quintilianus.
What did Aristoxenus write about?
Earliest surviving theoretical works(systematic Greek thought).
Who defined note, interval and scale?
Aristoxenus.
What are “species” Who developed them?
Species are ways perfect consonances could be divided. Developed by Cleonides.
Tonoi
Scale or set of pitches in specific range. Higher pitches were considered more energetic. Music considered mood altering at this time.
What instrument was used to worship Apollo?
The lyre.
What instrument was used to worship Dionysus?
The Aulos.
Kitara
Used in processions, ceremonies, etc.
