Chapter 1C: Weather Basics (Meteorology) Flashcards
Earth-Sun relationship
______________: electromagnetic radiation emitted by the sun
Solar Radiation
Earth-Sun relationship
rate at which solar radiation reaches the upper limits of earth atmosphere on a surface normal to the incident radiation and at earth’s mean distance from the sun
Common value = _____________
Solar Constant, 1,374 W/m2
Earth-Sun relationship
___% of solar energy is absorbed by land and ocean.
some are absorbed and reflected by clouds and atmosphere.
51
Earth-Sun relationship
_______________ = “short” wavelengths (range 0.1 to 4.0 μm)
____________________ = “long” wavelengths (4.0 to 50 μm)
Solar radiation, Terrestrial radiation
Earth-Sun relationship
percent of the incoming solar radiation that is reflected from a surface.
higher albedo = less heat, mostly on white colors
Albedo
Earth-Sun relationship
___________________: affects the solar radiation received at any location and time
a. ______________ - when the sun is farthest from the earth (occurs about July 4)
b. _____________ - when the sun is nearest from the earth (occurs about January 3)
Sun-Earth Geometry
a. Aphelion
b. Perihelion
Earth-Sun relationship
____________ when the sun’s apparent path is displaced farthest north (Tropic of Cancer) or south (Tropic of Capricorn) from the earth’s equator.
a. _________ Solstice - north pole faces the sun, more sunlight sa northern hemisphere.
b. __________ Solstice -south pole faces the sun.
Solstice
a. Summer
b. Winter
Earth-Sun relationship
when the sun passes directly over the equator or when the sun’s apparent path and plane of the earth’s equator coincide.
a. ___________ Equinox:
on or about March 21
b. ____________ Equinox:
on or about September 22
Equinox
a. Vernal
b. Autumnal
Earth-Sun relationship
_________________: occur because of the tilt of the Earth’s axis keeps a constant as the Earth revolves around the Sun.
a. Summer in Northern Hemisphere
b. Winter in Southern Hemisphere
Seasons
Atmospheric Parameters
Weather becomes stormy when air pressure falls and becomes fair when air pressure rises.
What is this about?
Pressure
Atmospheric Parameters
instrument used to measure pressure
Barometer
Atmospheric Parameters
amount of heat energy possessed by an object
degree of hotness or coldness of an object
Temperature
Atmospheric Parameters
Units of temperature in metric, english, and universal
Celcius, Farenheit, and Kelvin
Atmospheric Parameters
amount of water vapor in the air.
Humidity
Atmospheric Parameters
measures the amount of water in the air in relation to the maximum amount of water vapor (moisture). The higher the temperature, the more water vapor the air can hold.
Relative Humidity
Atmospheric Parameters
Explain the local atmospheric circulation/cycle.
- Warm air rises and becomes cool.
- Maaarawan yung cool air then iinit.
- Warm air meets cool air then formation ng clouds with thunderstorms.
Atmospheric Parameters
Give 2 types of breezes
Sea and Land breezes
Atmospheric Parameters (Air Circulation)
Air would rise near the equator and travel in the upper atmosphere toward the poles, then cool, descend into the lower atmosphere, and return toward the equator.
Hadley Circulation
Atmospheric Parameters
produces the changes in wind direction and velocity towards the equator.
yung tradewinds laging asymptotic papuntang equator from northern and southern hemisphere.
Coriolis effect
Atmospheric Parameters
Explain Coriolis effect
Yung tradewinds pupunta sila sa equator and since equator receives most of the solar energy, nagiging warm yung air, magra-rise, then meets the cold air, forming clouds.
Give 7 Climatic Controls.
- Topography and location
- Trade winds
- Fronts
- Intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ)
- Monsoonwinds
- Tropical cyclones
- Easterly waves
Climatic Controls (Topography and location)
Explain the 4 types of climates.
Type 1: experiences 2 seasons, dry and wet.
Type 2: No dry season and madalas natatamaan ng bagyo.
Type 3: Similar to type 1 pero ‘di ganun katagal yung dry season.
Type 4: Similar to type 2 pero may evenly distributed rain at may dry season.
Climatic Controls
a belt of low pressure which circles the Earth generally near the equator where the trade winds of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres come together.
ITCZ, Intertropical Convergence Zone
Climatic Controls
Explain ITCZ.
yung mga low pressure area ay nagla-line up sa belt then circulates, creating clouds/cyclones.
Climatic Controls
general term for a weather system in which winds rotate inwardly to an area of low atmospheric pressure.
a. _____________________ direction in the Northern Hemisphere
b. ____________ direction in the Southern Hemisphere .
Cyclone
a. counterclockwise
b. clockwise
Climatic Controls (Tropical cyclones)
Enumerate the 5 Tropical Cyclone Classifications.
- Tropical Depression
- Tropical Storm
- Severe Tropical Storm
- Typhoon
- Super Typhoon
Climatic Controls (Tropical cyclones)
Explain the 5 PAGASA’s Revised Storm Warning System.
- Signal No. 1 - 30-60 kph winds in the next 24 hours.
- Signal No. 2 - 61-120 kph winds in the next 24 hours.
- Signal No. 3 - 121-170 kph winds in the next 18 hours.
- Signal No. 4 - 171-220 kph winds in the next 12 hours.
- Signal No. 5 - 171-220 kph winds in the next 12 hours.
Climatic Controls (Tropical cyclones)
Based on the basic tropical cyclone structure, _____ is an area where the wind and rain are lightest.
Eye
Climatic Controls (Tropical cyclones)
Based on the basic tropical cyclone structure, _____ is an area of heaviest rain and strongest wind speeds.
Eye wall
Climatic Controls (Tropical cyclones)
Based on the basic tropical cyclone structure, _____ it’s the tail of the cyclone.
Spiral rain bands
Climatic Controls (Tropical cyclones)
Differentiate the Tropical Cyclone Warning System Signals (TCWS)
check pdf.
Climatic Controls (Tropical cyclones)
Differentiate the Thunderstorm Warning System (TSTM-WS)
check pdf.
Climatic Controls (Tropical cyclones)
Differentiate the Heavy rainfall warning (HR-WS)
check pdf.
Climatic Controls
a. North Atlantic Ocean, central North Pacific Ocean, and eastern North Pacific Ocean = “___________”
b. Northwest Pacific Ocean = “___________”
c. South Pacific and Indian Ocean = “____________“
a. Hurricane
b. Typhoon
c. Tropical Cyclone
Climatic Controls
What type of storm does the Philippines experience the most?
Tropical Cyclone from South Pacific Ocean, but sometimes typhoon from North Pacific Ocean.
Climatic Controls
transition/meeting between two different air masses at the Earth’s surface.
Front
Climatic Controls (Front)
Give 4 types of front.
- Cold Front
- Warm Front
- Occluded Front
- Stationary Front
Climatic Controls
“__________-” or Southwest Monsoon
- Summer Monsoon
- Hot and Moist wind from Indian Ocean which may strengthen tropical cyclone
- Brings rain over the western seaboard
- May to September
Habagat
Climatic Controls
“_________” or Northeast Monsoon
- Winter monsoon
- Dry and cold wind from Siberia which may weaken tropical cyclones
Brings rain over the eastern seaboard - October to March
Amihan
Climatic Controls
a westward-moving, wavelike disturbance of low atmospheric pressure embedded in tropical easterly winds.
may circulation sa atmosphere and that circulation interact with warm air and low pressure, creating clouds and precipitation.
Easterly Waves
