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Chemistry Summer 101 > Chapter 1A Matter and Measurements > Flashcards

Chapter 1A Matter and Measurements Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the steps to the scientific method?

A

Question, Research, Hypothesis, Procedure/method, Data, observation and conclusion

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2
Q

What is chemistry often referred to as?

A

The Central Science

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3
Q

Chemistry

A

The study of matter and the changes it undergoes

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4
Q

Matter

A

Anything that has mass and takes up space(has volume)

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5
Q

What is matter made up of?

A

atoms, molecules and ions

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6
Q

Physical change

A

A change in the physical properties or phases that do not change the composition of the substance

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7
Q

Chemical change

A

a change in the composition of the substance as a result of a chemical reaction

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8
Q

What are the three states of matter?

A

Solid, Liquid, Gas

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9
Q

What is the fourth state of matter?

A

Plasma but it only exists in space

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10
Q

What are the characteristics of a solid?

A

Definite shape, Definite volume, Particles are closely packed, strong forces of attraction between particles and incompressable

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11
Q

What are the characteristics of a Liquid?

A

No definite shape, Definite volume, Particles are close but can move freely, held together by moderate force of attraction and is incompressible

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12
Q

Characteristics of a Gas

A

No definite shape or volume, very weak forces of attraction between particles, particles constantly moving and are compressable

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13
Q

Pure substance

A

Matter with a definite, fixed composition that can be described.

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14
Q

Mixture

A

A material composed of 2 or more substances that can be separated by physical means. Mixtures may be homogeneous or heterogeneous.

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15
Q

Homogeneous

A

A substance that has uniform composition throughout the sample.

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16
Q

What type of mixture is salt water?

A

homogeneous

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17
Q

Heterogeneous

A

A substance whose composition varies – all parts are not the same.

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18
Q

Sand in water is what type of mixture?

A

heterogeneous

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19
Q

Atom

A

The simplest form of matter (a/k/a) the building blocks of all matter.

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20
Q

Element

A

A group of the same kind of atom. All matter is composed of one or more elements. There are currently 116 known elements.

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21
Q

Compound

A

Two or more elements chemically combined

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22
Q

How can compounds be decomposed into simpler substances?

A

only a chemical change

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23
Q

Are pure compounds heterogeneous or homogeneous?

A

homogeneous

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24
Q

Molecule

A

The smallest sample of a compound that still retains the properties of that compound

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25
Q

Reactants

A

One or more starting materials.

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26
Q

Products

A

One or more substances formed as a result of a

chemical reaction

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27
Q

What are the properties of metals?

A

usually gray or silver, has luster, malleable, ductile, solid at room temp, good conductors of heat and energy

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28
Q

Al

A

aluminum

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29
Q

Ar

A

Argon

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30
Q

Ba

A

Barium

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31
Q

Bi

A

Bismuth

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32
Q

B

A

Boron

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33
Q

Br

A

Bromine

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34
Q

Ca

A

Calcium

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35
Q

C

A

carbon

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36
Q

Cl

A

chlorine

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37
Q

Co

A

cobalt

38
Q

F

A

Fluorine

39
Q

He

A

Helium

40
Q

H

A

Hydrogen

41
Q

I

A

Iodine

42
Q

Li

A

Lithium

43
Q

Mg

A

Magnesium

44
Q

Mn

A

Manganese

45
Q

Ni

A

Nickel

46
Q

N

A

Nitrogen

47
Q

O

A

oxygen

48
Q

P

A

Phosphorus

49
Q

Pt

A

Platinum

50
Q

Rn

A

Radon

51
Q

Si

A

Silicon

52
Q

S

A

Sulfur

53
Q

Ti

A

Titanium

54
Q

Zn

A

Zinc

55
Q

Cu

A

copper

56
Q

Au

A

Gold

57
Q

Fe

A

iron

58
Q

Pb

A

Lead

59
Q

Hg

A

Mercury

60
Q

K

A

potassium

61
Q

Ag

A

Silver

62
Q

Na

A

Sodium

63
Q

Sn

A

Tin

64
Q

Diatomic molecules

A

travel in pairs
H2 Seven: N2, O2, F2
Cl2
Br2
I2

65
Q

3/4 of all elements are

A

metals

66
Q

Properties of a metal

A 
Usually grey or silver in color 
Has luster
Malleable
Ductile
Solid at room temp.
Good conductors of heat and electricity
67
Q

What two metals are not grey or silver in color?

A

Gold and copper

68
Q

What metal is a liquid at room temp?

A

Mercury

69
Q

Properties of a nonmetal

A

Lack luster
Are brittle
Many be solids or gases
Poor conductors of heat and electricity

70
Q

What nonmetal is a corrosive, red liquid?

A

Bromine

71
Q

Whats the most reactive nonmetal?

A

fluorine

72
Q

What nonmetal constitutes 80% of air and is colorless gas at room temp?

A

Nitrogen

73
Q

What nonmetal is a yellow solid and is found underground?

A

Sulfur

74
Q

What are the Metalloids

A

There are seven metalloids (they sit on or under the “staircase”): B, Si, As, Te, At, Ge, Sb.

75
Q

Metric unit for mass

A

(g)

76
Q

Metric unit for Length

A

(m)

77
Q

Metric unit for Volume

A

L

78
Q

Best thing to measure liquid?

A

graduated cylinder

79
Q

What does luster mean?

A

reflects light

80
Q

Malleable

A

doesn’t break

81
Q

Ductile

A

able to be stretched into a wire

82
Q

M

A

Mega
1,000,000(Mega millions jackpot)
10 to the 6th

83
Q

k

A

Kilo
1,000 or
10 to the 3

84
Q

c

A

Centi

1/100 or 10 to the -2

85
Q

m

A

milli
1/1000
or 10 to the -3

86
Q

Mass

A

The amount of matter in a substance (never changes).

87
Q

Weight

A

: A measure of Earth’s gravity on a body.

88
Q

1kg =

A

1000g

89
Q

1m=

A

100cm

90
Q

1m=

A

1000mm

91
Q

Giga

A

= to one billion

Chemistry Summer 101 (4 decks)

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