Chapter 1_living And Non Living Things Flashcards
Understanding cell concept and generalisation under prokaryotic, eukaryotic and arkayotic organisms, distinguishing between archaebacteria and eubacteria,
what is a cell?
A cell is a basic structural and functional unit of life bounded by a membrane, containing a nucleus and cytoplasm
what characterize a acellular shaped organism?
acellular/non-cellular do not exist in usual cell forms eg.slime moulds sp. and viruses.
what is the cellular form of slime mould?
plasmodial slime mould- multinucleated mass of cytoplasm enveloped by a slime sheath that creeps along phagocytising decaying plants.
in forms of living organism…define the filamentous form and examples of cells that exist as such??
such known as filament has each cell independent of the adjacent cell..eg. Spirogyra, zygmema, oedogonium, oscillatoria,
who names the various forms of cell and by what means of identification ?
Hans Ris (University of Wisconsis). names them as such; prokaryotes (before nucleus), cause of absence of membrane bounded nucleus and Eukaryotes ( true nucleus)
highlight the distinction between the two major classes of cells as classifies by Hans Ris according to their DNA arrangement ?
prokaryotes(P): covelently closed and circular DNA. (E): linear DNA that is held in the nucleus.
importance of Bacteria
*Antibiotics production. *bio insecticides ie.. (Bacillus Sphaericus, Bacillus Thurinogensis) *biodegradable plastics *food industr uh. .ie butter and cheese
what usually ends the family and order name of Bacteria according taxonomy??
Family name ends in _aceae. Order ends in _ales. ….Mnemonic to recall is (Aqua is a new member of my family, but Alis is out of order)
describe the common name for bacteria shapes in the following forms *four in a square *chains *eight cocci grouped in a cubical shape *clusters/blunders
*tetrad. *streptococcus *sarcinae *staphylococcus
explain the various existing forms of extremophilic prokaryotes???
*Extreme Thermophiles: grow at a very high temperature. *The Methanogens: They reduce CO2 to to methane eg.METHANOCOCCUS, METHANOBACTERIUM *Extreme Halophiles: inhibit extremely salty environments eg. HALOBACTERIUM & HALOCOCCUS. *Psychrophiles: organisms that grow in extremely low temperature.
Two major kingdoms of Archaebacteria???
Grenercheota(Grenarcheotes) : made up of the extreme thermophiles. Euryarcheota: ie Extreme halophiles and Methanogens
describe the cell wall component of archaebacteria??
*made up of pseudopeptidoglycan/pseudomurein *ie a form of peptidoglycan ; contains L-amino acids instead of D-amino acids in Eubacteria *also contains N-acetyl talosaminuronic acid instead of N-acetylmuramic acid in Eubacteria. *lipids have ether alphatic chains as opposed to the ester linkages used to bind glycerol to fatty acids in Eubacteria *have 70s type ribosome (note that Prokaryotic have 70s type ribosome but Eukaryotes have 70s type ribosome in their organelles, 80s in cytoplasm) *Archaebacteria make use methionine tRNA as opposed to Eubacteria’s Formylmethionine.
