Chapter 19 Vocab

Question 0

Diprotic acids

Answer 0

Acids that contain 2 ionizable hydrogens (such as sulfuric acid (H2SO4))

Question 1

Monoprotic acids

Answer 1

Acids that contain one ionizable hydrogen, (such as nitric acid (HNO3))

Question 2

Triprotic acids

Answer 2

Acids that contain three ionizable hydrogens (such as phosphoric acid (H3PO4))

Question 3

Conjugate acid

Answer 3

The particle formed when a base gains a hydrogen ion

Question 4

Conjugate base

Answer 4

The particle that remains when an acid has donated a hydrogen ion

Question 5

Conjugate acid-base pair

Answer 5

Consists of two substances related by the loss or gain of a single hydrogen ion

Question 6

Hydronium ion (H3O+)

Answer 6

A water molecule that gains a hydrogen ion becomes a positively charged this

Question 7

Lewis acid

Answer 7

A substance that can accept a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond

Question 8

Lewis base

Answer 8

A substance that can donate a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond

Question 9

Self-ionization

Answer 9

The reaction in which water molecules produce ions

Question 10

Neutral solution

Answer 10

Any aqueous solution in which [H+] and [OH-] are equal

Question 11

Ion-product constant for water (Kw)

Answer 11

The product of concentrations of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions in water

Question 12

Acidic solution

Answer 12

One in which [H+] is greater than [OH-]

Question 13

Basic solution

Answer 13

One in which [H+] is less than [OH-]

Question 14

Alkaline solutions

Answer 14

Basic solutions are also known a this

Question 15

PH

Answer 15

The negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration

Question 16

Strong acids

Answer 16

Are completely ionized in aqueous solution

Question 17

Weak acids

Answer 17

Ionize only slightly in aqueous solution

Question 18

Acid dissociation constant (Ka)

Answer 18

The ratio of the concentration of the dissociated (or ionized) form of an acid to the concentration of the I dissociated (nonionized) form

Question 19

Strong bases

Answer 19

Dissociate completely into metal ions and hydroxide ions in aqueous solution

Question 20

Weak bases

Answer 20

React with water to form the hydroxide ion and the conjugate acid of the base

Question 21

Base dissociation constant (Kb)

Answer 21

The ratio of the concentration of the conjugate acid times the concentration of the hydroxide ion to the concentration of the base

Question 22

Neutralization reactions

Answer 22

Reactions in which an acid and a base react in an aqueous solution to produce salt and water

Question 23

Titration

Answer 23

The process of adding a known amount of solution of known concentration to determine the concentration of another solution

Question 24

Standard solution

Answer 24

The solution of known concentration

Question 25

End point (of the titration)

Answer 25

The point at which the indicator changes color

Question 26

Salt hydrolysis

Answer 26

The cations or anions of a dissociated salt remove hydrogen ions from or donate hydrogen ions to water

Question 27

Buffer

Answer 27

A solution in which the pH remains relatively constant when small amounts of acid or base are added

Question 28

Buffer capacity

Answer 28

The amount of acid or base that can be added to a buffer solution before a significant change in pH occurs