Chapter 19: Species Diversity in Communities Flashcards
Species supply filter from regional species pool toward local community
dispersal and immigration
Abiotic filter from regional species pool toward local community
environmental conditions
Biotic filter from regional species pool toward local community
species interactions
Significant contributor to invasive species dispersal
Ballast water
Factors affecting species dispersal like temperature and precipitation
Environmental conditions
Factors affecting species dispersal like competition and mutualism
Species interactions
Interactions between native and non-native species that prevent establishment of non-native species
Biotic resistance
Granivores (birds) eat enough seeds of medusa head grass to stop it from invading
Biotic resistance example
T/F Some species like the lucerne seed web moth caterpillars can slow but don’t completely stop the spreading of invasive species
True… I dropped a specific name of a moth obviously it’s true
Can alter the ability of invasive species to pass through the 3 filters into communities
Climate change
Difference in pathways and difference in environmental constraints for invasive species
Direct consequences of climate change
Transportation, colonization, establishment, spread
Invasion pathway
Differences in distributions, impacts, and management effectiveness (of invasive species in a community)
Indirect consequences
Natural selection drives competing species to use a limited resource in different ways
Resource partitioning
What effect does resource partitioning have on competition and species diversity
Reduces competition and increases species diversity
Experimental evidence that resource partitioning involving 5 types of warblers feeding on separate parts of a tree
MacArthur’s Warblers
Bird diversity was not proportional to plant diversity but was proportional to structural complexity of habitat
Just a cool fact. Learn it or don’t
Lakes change enough over time that no one plankton species is able to out-compete the others before conditions favour another species. Reason why so many plankton species can coexist
Paradox of the plankton
Time for one species to competitively exclude another
tc (c is subscript but you’re gonna have to imagine that one)
Time for environmental variation to affect population growth. Reduces all populations and inhibits competitive exclusion
te (same deal the e should be small, shoot me)
What is the result if tc «_space;te
Competitive exclusion occurs before environmental conditions change
Low disturbance allows competitive exclusion to occur, high disturbance causes extinctions, but intermediate disturbance the porridge is just right
Intermediate disturbance hypothesis
When a species prevails due to chance. Ex. damselfish in great barrier reef would die and vacate a habitat allowing for any type of other damselfish to occupy it
Lottery model
Abiotic and biotic processes that control community structure
Community functions
T/F Species diversity does not affect community function
False you idiot. If you fell for that I feel bad for your poor unintelligent offspring and their souls that will be so astonishingly ill equipped to handle the struggles of this unforgiving world
Natural processes that sustain human life (ex. air and water purification)
Ecosystem services
Which hypothesis of diversity-function relationship is it that has direct correlation of species richness to ecological function
Complementary hypothesis
Which hypothesis of diversity-function displays a plateau of Community Function as species’ ecological function start to overlap
Redundancy hypothesis
Who’s experimental evidence of redundancy hypothesis showed higher drought resistance and productivity with higher diversity
David Tilman
Function-diversity hypothesis that accounts for some species have stronger effect on function (ex. keystone or foundation species)
Idiosyncratic hypothesis
