Chapter 18: Biogeography

Question 1

Occurs in one region

Answer 1

Endemic

Question 2

Higher species richness at ________ _________

Answer 2

Tropical latitudes

Question 3

Regional scale: All the species in a region

Answer 3

Gamma diversity

Question 4

Landscape scale: ratio between regional and local diversity (essentially diversity of communities themselves)

Answer 4

Beta diversity

Question 5

Average species richness at the local scale

Answer 5

Alpha diversity

Question 6

Alpha richness = gamma richness

Answer 6

All species in region are in community

Question 7

Alpha richness < gamma richness but propotional

Answer 7

Species are determined by dispersal of regional species

Question 8

Alpha richness =/= gamma richness and plateaus as regional richness increases

Answer 8

Local process determine species

Question 9

Richness ratio most resilient to change

Answer 9

Alpha richness plateau

Question 10

Geographic separation due to a barrier

Answer 10

Vicariance

Question 11

Seabirds have higher richness in which latitudes

Answer 11

Polar/Temperate

Question 12

Greater land area in tropics
Warmer and stable temperature
Tropics are a cradle and a museum for speciation
Higher productivity of plants due to solar radiation

Answer 12

Causes of latitudinal gradients

Question 13

Amount of energy captured in biomass of primary producers

Answer 13

Net primary productivity

Question 14

Increases with area and decreases with distance

Answer 14

Species richness

Question 15

What curves are used to predict equilibrium number (S) of species on an island and who’s theory did it come from?

Answer 15

Immigration/extinction rate vs. number of species

MacArthur and Wilson

Question 16

What type of island has highest and which has lowest equilibrium number of species (S)?

Answer 16

Large near, small far

Question 17

Which island has highest immigration and which has highest extinction at their respective extremes

Answer 17

Near, Small

Question 18

Experiment where close and far islands were fumigated and monitored to see how quickly species number would recover

Answer 18

Mangrove island experiment

Question 19

S mainland is the same as…

Answer 19

S large close