Chapter 19: Heart and Neck Vessels

Question 1

S2 sound

Answer 1

Closure of semilunar valves

A2 (aortic closure) is slightly before P2 (pulmonic closure)

Question 2

S1

Answer 2

closure of AV valves

M1 (mitral closure) slightly before T1 (tricuspid closure)

Question 3

S3

Answer 3

• When ventricles are resistant to filling during the early rapid filling phase (protodiastole)
• immediately after S2 when AV valves open and atrial blood first pours into ventricles

Question 4

S4

Answer 4

• Occurs at end of diastole (presystole) when ventricle is resistant to filing. Atria contracts to push blood into noncompliant ventricle
• Just before S1

Question 5

murmur

Answer 5

gentle blowing swishing
turbulent blood flow
occurs under these conditions
-velocity of blood increases
-viscosity of blood decreases
-structural defects in the valves or unusual openings in chambers

Question 6

P wave
PR interval
QRS complex
T wave

Answer 6

P wave: depolarization of atria
PR interval: beginning of P wave to the beginning of QRS complex - includes time for impulse to travel through the AV node to the ventricles
QRS complex - depolarization of ventricles
T wave - repolarization of ventricles

Question 7

Cardiac output

Answer 7

volume of blood in each systole (stroke volume) time nubmer of beats ber minute
CO=SVxR

Question 8

Stage 1 hypertension

Answer 8

systolic >_ 140
or
diastolic >_ 90

Question 9

bruit

Answer 9

auscultate each carotid for presence of bruit in older adults with symptoms/signs of CVD

Question 10

where to assess central venous pressure (CVP)

Answer 10

jugular veins

Question 11

apical impulse location

Answer 11

left 4th or 5th interspace, at or medial to midclavicular line

Question 12

Aortic valve area

Answer 12

second right interspace

Question 13

s2 loudest

Answer 13

base

Question 14

s1 loudest

Answer 14

apex