Chapter 19: Carboxylic acids

Question 1

-COOH

Answer 1

Carboxylic acid

Question 2

Carboxylic acids are _______ compounds 

Answer 2

Polar

Question 3

IUPAC  rules for naming unbranched carboxylic acids

Answer 3

-end in -oic acid
-alkanoic acid
EX: methanoic acid

Question 4

IUPAC rules for naming branch carboxylic acids

Answer 4

• select the longest continuous carbon chain that contains the carboxy group
• Numbers starting at the carbon bearing the carboxylic acid

Question 5

IUPAC rule for naming carboxylic acids attached to a ring

Answer 5

Name of the ring + Carboxylic acid***

Question 6

When two are more different functional groups are present in a compound, functional group ________ are used

Answer 6

Priorities (food-chain table)

Question 7

When using common names, what is the root for one carbon?

Answer 7

Form-

Question 8

When using common names, what is the root for two carbons?

Answer 8

Acet-

Question 9

When using common names what is the root for three carbons?

Answer 9

Propion

Question 10

When using common names, what is the root for four carbons?

Answer 10

butyr-

Question 11

When using common names, what is the root for five carbons?

Answer 11

Valer-

Question 12

When using common names, what is the root for six carbons?

Answer 12

Capro-

Question 13

When using common names for unbranched Carboxylic acid what are the rules?

Answer 13

Root + -ic acid

Question 14

What is used For the common names for branched carboxylic acids? How are the carbons named?

Answer 14

Alpha (1), beta (2), Gamma (4), Delta(5)

Question 15

Common name for naming aromatic acids?

Answer 15

Named as benzoic acids

*diacids are acids that contain 2 -COOH Functional groups, IUPAC end in dioic acid, but common names are preferred

Question 16

1. How are carboxylate ions: metal salts, named by IUPAC system?
2. What about common name? 

Answer 16

1. Name of metal + alkan- + -oate
   * Carboxylate —-> Conjugate bases of carboxylic acid
2. Name of metal + root- + -ate

Question 17

What is the most polar functional group?

What type of forces do they have? 

Answer 17

Carboxylic acid

Question 18

What type of forces do carboxylic acids have?

Answer 18

• VDW forces
• dipole dipole forces
• Hydrogen bonding

Question 19

Carboxylic acids exist as _______

Answer 19

Dimers

Question 20

Since carboxylic acids have very strong intermolecular forces, they have ___________ BP and MP The other compounds of comparable molar mass

Answer 20

Higher

Question 21

Call carboxylic acids are __________ In organic solvents

Answer 21

Soluble

Question 22

Carboxylic acids with a number of carbons less than _____ Are soluble in water.

Answer 22

5

Question 23

Oxidative cleavage of Alkynes 

Answer 23

Catalysts: O3/H2O or KMnO4/H3O+

Carboxylic acids are produced from internal Alkynes.
For terminal Alkynes, a carboxylic acid and CO2 are produced

Question 24

What are the products of oxidative cleavage of Alkenes with acidic or neutral KMnO4? 

Answer 24

• if there are hydrogen on the carbons of the double bond, = 2 carboxylic acids
• if there are two hydrogens on a carbon of the double bond, = CO2 and Carboxylic acid is formed 
• There are no Hydro double bond carbons, = 2 ketones

Question 25

What are the five ways carboxylic acids can react?

Answer 25

-as Bronsted Lowry acids through the O-H bond -as weak bases with strong in organic acids HA Through the O Of the -C=O group -As weak bases with strong in organic acids HA Through the O of the -OH group -

Question 26

If the first PKA is lower (less stable) Then the second PKA, the reaction…..

Answer 26

Goes as written

Question 27

The more stable the car boxelite ion, the more ________ Its conjugate carboxylic acid

Answer 27

Acidic

Question 28

The _________ PKA, The more reactive the acid

Answer 28

Smaller

Question 29

EWG (halogens), make carboxylic acids more _______ (when not in a ring)

Answer 29

Acidic They stabilize the carboxylate ion

Question 30

Are alkyl groups electron withdrawing or electron donating groups?

Answer 30

Electron donating group

Question 31

``` Alkyl groups (EDG)…. They ____________ Decarboxylate ion, they make the acid ______ acidic  ```

Answer 31

Destabilize, less

Question 32

The more EDG on the acid, the ______ acidic the acid

Answer 32

Less

Question 33

What are the electron withdrawing groups of benzoic acids?

Answer 33

EWG= nitrates, halogens, etc. They stabilize the benzoate ion and make the acid more sick than benzoic acid

Question 34

What are the electron donating groups of substituted benzoic acids?

Answer 34

EDG= alkyl groups and others (OH?) * they disable as the benzoate ion, they make the acid less acidic than benzoic acid

Question 35

why is Tosylic acid a very strong acid?

Answer 35

The conjugate base is resonance stabilized PKA -1

Question 36

Why is TsO A very good leaving group?

Answer 36

It is resonance stabilized

Question 37

what is a zwitterion?

Answer 37

Part is depronated and part of it is protonated

Question 38

the pI of an aa is the pH at which the amino acid exists mainly as a neutral…..

Answer 38

Zwitterion

Question 39

D-amino acid is on the _____ . | And an L-animo acid is on the ____.

Answer 39

Right, left