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Ochem 2 > Chapter 19: Carboxylic acids > Flashcards

Chapter 19: Carboxylic acids Flashcards

1
Q

-COOH

A

Carboxylic acid

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2
Q

Carboxylic acids are _______ compounds 

A

Polar

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3
Q

IUPAC  rules for naming unbranched carboxylic acids

A

-end in -oic acid
-alkanoic acid
EX: methanoic acid

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4
Q

IUPAC rules for naming branch carboxylic acids

A
  • select the longest continuous carbon chain that contains the carboxy group
  • Numbers starting at the carbon bearing the carboxylic acid
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5
Q

IUPAC rule for naming carboxylic acids attached to a ring

A

Name of the ring + Carboxylic acid***

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6
Q

When two are more different functional groups are present in a compound, functional group ________ are used

A

Priorities (food-chain table)

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7
Q

When using common names, what is the root for one carbon?

A

Form-

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8
Q

When using common names, what is the root for two carbons?

A

Acet-

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9
Q

When using common names what is the root for three carbons?

A

Propion

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10
Q

When using common names, what is the root for four carbons?

A

butyr-

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11
Q

When using common names, what is the root for five carbons?

A

Valer-

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12
Q

When using common names, what is the root for six carbons?

A

Capro-

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13
Q

When using common names for unbranched Carboxylic acid what are the rules?

A

Root + -ic acid

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14
Q

What is used For the common names for branched carboxylic acids? How are the carbons named?

A

Alpha (1), beta (2), Gamma (4), Delta(5)

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15
Q

Common name for naming aromatic acids?

A

Named as benzoic acids

*diacids are acids that contain 2 -COOH Functional groups, IUPAC end in dioic acid, but common names are preferred

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16
Q
  1. How are carboxylate ions: metal salts, named by IUPAC system?
  2. What about common name? 
A
  1. Name of metal + alkan- + -oate
    * Carboxylate —-> Conjugate bases of carboxylic acid
  2. Name of metal + root- + -ate
17
Q

What is the most polar functional group?

What type of forces do they have? 

A

Carboxylic acid

18
Q

What type of forces do carboxylic acids have?

A
  • VDW forces
  • dipole dipole forces
  • Hydrogen bonding
19
Q

Carboxylic acids exist as _______

A

Dimers

20
Q

Since carboxylic acids have very strong intermolecular forces, they have ___________ BP and MP The other compounds of comparable molar mass

A

Higher

21
Q

Call carboxylic acids are __________ In organic solvents

A

Soluble

22
Q

Carboxylic acids with a number of carbons less than _____ Are soluble in water.

A

5

23
Q

Oxidative cleavage of Alkynes 

A

Catalysts: O3/H2O or KMnO4/H3O+

Carboxylic acids are produced from internal Alkynes.
For terminal Alkynes, a carboxylic acid and CO2 are produced

24
Q

What are the products of oxidative cleavage of Alkenes with acidic or neutral KMnO4? 

A
  • if there are hydrogen on the carbons of the double bond, = 2 carboxylic acids
  • if there are two hydrogens on a carbon of the double bond, = CO2 and Carboxylic acid is formed 
  • There are no Hydro double bond carbons, = 2 ketones
25
Q

What are the five ways carboxylic acids can react?

A

-as Bronsted Lowry acids through the O-H bond
-as weak bases with strong in organic acids HA Through the O Of the -C=O group
-As weak bases with strong in organic acids HA Through the O of the -OH group
-

26
Q

If the first PKA is lower (less stable) Then the second PKA, the reaction…..

A

Goes as written

27
Q

The more stable the car boxelite ion, the more ________ Its conjugate carboxylic acid

A

Acidic

28
Q

The _________ PKA, The more reactive the acid

A

Smaller

29
Q

EWG (halogens), make carboxylic acids more _______ (when not in a ring)

A

Acidic

They stabilize the carboxylate ion

30
Q

Are alkyl groups electron withdrawing or electron donating groups?

A

Electron donating group

31
Q 
Alkyl groups (EDG)….
They \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Decarboxylate ion, they make the acid \_\_\_\_\_\_ acidic 
A

Destabilize, less

32
Q

The more EDG on the acid, the ______ acidic the acid

A

Less

33
Q

What are the electron withdrawing groups of benzoic acids?

A

EWG= nitrates, halogens, etc.

They stabilize the benzoate ion and make the acid more sick than benzoic acid

34
Q

What are the electron donating groups of substituted benzoic acids?

A

EDG= alkyl groups and others (OH?)

  • they disable as the benzoate ion, they make the acid less acidic than benzoic acid
35
Q

why is Tosylic acid a very strong acid?

A

The conjugate base is resonance stabilized

PKA -1

36
Q

Why is TsO A very good leaving group?

A

It is resonance stabilized

37
Q

what is a zwitterion?

A

Part is depronated and part of it is protonated

38
Q

the pI of an aa is the pH at which the amino acid exists mainly as a neutral…..

A

Zwitterion

39
Q

D-amino acid is on the _____ .

And an L-animo acid is on the ____.

A

Right, left

Ochem 2 (10 decks)

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