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Chapter 19 Biology Unit 1 test > Chapter 19 Biology > Flashcards

Chapter 19 Biology Flashcards

1
Q

Lepidopteran insects

A

Includes moths and butterflies with common features.

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2
Q

Caterpillar

A

Juvenile feeding stage of lepidopteran insects.

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3
Q

Dead-leaf moth

A

Mimics a dead leaf for camouflage.

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4
Q

Caterpillar mimicry

A

Caterpillar resembles a striking snake.

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5
Q

Key observations of life

A

Fit, unity, and diversity among organisms.

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6
Q

Fit between organisms and environment

A

Adaptation of species to their habitats.

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7
Q

Shared characteristics of life

A

Common traits among different life forms.

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8
Q

Diversity of life

A

Variety of species and forms in nature.

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9
Q

Mimicry

A

Adaptation to resemble another object for survival.

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10
Q

Charles Darwin

A

Naturalist who proposed evolution by natural selection.

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11
Q

On the Origin of Species

A

Darwin’s 1859 work on evolution and species diversity.

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12
Q

Descent with Modification

A

Evolutionary concept of shared ancestry and changes.

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13
Q

Scala Naturae

A

Aristotle’s fixed hierarchy of life forms.

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14
Q

Carolus Linnaeus

A

Founder of modern taxonomy and binomial nomenclature.

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15
Q

Paleontology

A

Study of fossils and ancient life forms.

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16
Q

Georges Cuvier

A

Paleontologist who studied extinction and strata.

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17
Q

Natural Selection

A

Process favoring survival of individuals with advantageous traits.

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18
Q

Artificial Selection

A

Humans breeding species for desired traits over generations.

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19
Q

Galápagos Islands

A

Location where Darwin observed species variation and adaptation.

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20
Q

Fossils

A

Remains or traces of ancient organisms in strata.

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21
Q

James Hutton

A

Geologist who proposed gradual geological processes.

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22
Q

Charles Lyell

A

Geologist who influenced Darwin with uniformitarianism.

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23
Q

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

A

Proposed evolution through use and disuse of traits.

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24
Q

Malthusian Theory

A

Population growth outpaces resource availability, influencing Darwin.

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25
Adaptation
Trait that enhances survival and reproduction in an environment.
26
Biogeography
Study of species distribution across geographical areas.
27
Homology
Similar structures in different species indicating common ancestry.
28
Direct Observations
Empirical evidence of evolutionary changes in populations.
29
Extinction
The permanent loss of a species from Earth.
30
Beak Variation
Diverse beak shapes in Galápagos finches due to adaptation.
31
Favorable Traits
Inherited characteristics that enhance survival and reproduction.
32
Overproduction of Offspring
Species produce more offspring than the environment can support.
33
Strata
Layers of sedimentary rock containing fossils.
34
Common Ancestor
Most recent species from which others have evolved.
35
Morphological Gaps
Physical differences between extinct and extant species.
36
Naturalist
Scientist who studies plants and animals in their environment.
37
Five-Year Voyage
Darwin's journey on the HMS Beagle for research.
38
Catastrophism
Cuvier's idea that species extinction results from catastrophic events.
39
Unity of Life
Concept that all life shares common ancestry.
40
Diversity of Life
Variety of species resulting from evolutionary processes.
41
Adaptation Process
Gradual changes in species to fit environmental conditions.
42
Natural Selection
Process where organisms adapt to environmental changes.
43
Introduced Species
Non-native species affecting local ecosystems.
44
Beak Size Evolution
Adaptation observed in birds feeding on fruit.
45
Soapberry Bugs
Insects showing rapid beak size evolution.
46
Rapid Evolution
Significant evolutionary changes in short time frames.
47
Staphylococcus aureus
Bacterium commonly found on human skin.
48
Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA)
Dangerous strain resistant to standard antibiotics.
49
Clone USA300
Virulent MRSA strain causing severe infections.
50
Flesh-eating Disease
Severe infection caused by MRSA clone USA300.
51
Penicillin Resistance
S. aureus developed resistance shortly after 1945.
52
Antibiotic Treatment
Use of antibiotics to combat bacterial infections.
53
Evolution of Resistance
Bacteria adapt to survive against antibiotic treatments.
54
Genetic Varieties
Different strains of bacteria with unique characteristics.
55
Methicillin
An antibiotic that inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis.
56
MRSA
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, a drug-resistant bacteria.
57
Natural Selection
Process selecting traits already present in a population.
58
Evolution
Descent with modification over generations.
59
Homology
Similarity due to shared ancestry among species.
60
Homologous Structures
Anatomical features representing variations from a common ancestor.
61
Comparative Embryology
Study of embryonic development revealing anatomical homologies.
62
Vestigial Structures
Remnants of features that served important functions in ancestors.
63
Molecular Homologies
Shared genes inherited from a common ancestor.
64
Convergent Evolution
Independent evolution of similar traits in unrelated groups.
65
Analogous Traits
Similar features arising from adaptation to similar environments.
66
Fossil Record
Historical evidence documenting evolution and species extinction.
67
Cetaceans
Whales, dolphins, and porpoises evolved from land mammals.
68
Biogeography
Study of species distribution across geographic areas.
69
Pangaea
Ancient supercontinent that split due to continental drift.
70
Endemic Species
Species found specifically in a geographical area and found nowhere else, often on islands.
71
Darwin's Theory
Theory of evolution by natural selection supported by evidence.
72
Scientific Theory
Explains observations and integrates diverse phenomena.
73
Hypothesis
A proposed explanation based on limited evidence.
74
Anatomical Similarities
Shared anatomical features indicating common ancestry.
75
Evolutionary Transitions
Fossil evidence showing steps in species evolution.
76
Even-Toed Ungulates
Group including hippos, pigs, and deer, related to cetaceans.
77
Colonization
Process by which species adapt to new environments.
78
Ongoing Research
Continual investigation enhancing understanding of evolution.

Chapter 19 Biology Unit 1 test (3 decks)

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