Chapter 19: Biodiversity of Plants

Question 1

Uses of Plants

Answer 1

Food, clothing, medicines (most usage), cancer treatment, fuel, building material, fossil fuels.

Question 2

Angiosperms

Answer 2

Flowering plants.

Question 3

Ovary Wall

Answer 3

Fruit with seeds protected inside.

Question 4

Plant Life Cycle

Answer 4

Gametophyte plant > mitosis > fertilization > sporophyte plant > meiosis.

Question 5

Bryophytes

Answer 5

Most primitive land plants.

No vascular tissue.

Spores, not seeds.

Flagellated sperm (needs water for fertilization).

Limited to moist, shady habitats.

Ex: moss, liverwort, hornwort.

Question 6

Pteridophytes

Answer 6

Vascular tissue.

Spores, not seeds.

Flagellated sperm (needs water for fertilization).

Limited to moist, shady habitats.

Ex: ferns.

Question 7

How to ID Conifers

Answer 7

Fir: single on branch, soft, flat (can’t roll between fingers).

Spruce: single on branch, thicker, squarish (can roll between fingers).

Pine: bunches of 2-8, never single on branch, rounded (can roll between ringers, pointy).

Tamarack: very soft needles in bunches of 15-25, lose needles in fall, pretty colours.

Question 8

Adaptations to Land

Answer 8

Vascular tissue for support: cell walls thickened & strengthened with lignin.

Surfaces covered in waxy cuticle to prevent water loss.

Stomata/ holes for gas exchange.

Specialized roots, stems & leaves to connect ground & air parts.

Xylem: vascular tissue made of dead thickened cells that pull up water from roots (straws).

Phloem: living vascular tissue that distributes sugars in plant.