Chapter 17: Bacteria, Archaea & Fungi Flashcards
Bacteria: Shapes
Spherical: cocci.
Rod- shaped: bacilli.
Spiral- shaped: spirilla & spirochetes.
Chains: strep-.
Clump: staph-.
Bacteria: Exponential Growth
Produce incredible number of bacteria quickly.
Bacteria are prokaryotic, replicate asexually (binary fission).
Bacteria: Protruding Appendages
Fimbriae: small, sticky.
Pili: large.
Flagella: help movement.
Bacteria: photoheterotrophic
Get energy from sunlight.
Bacteria: Chemoautrophic
Get energy from inorganic chemicals & use carbon from CO2 to make organic molecules.
Bacteria: Dysbiosis
Microbial imbalance on or inside the body.
Bacteria: Gram- Positive Vs. Gram- Negative
Gram- positive cell walls are rich in peptoglycan (easier to identify in tests).
Gram- negative cell walls are weak in peptoglycan (harder to identify in tests).
Bacterial Motion
Response to chemical signal called chemotaxis.
Positive chemotaxis: towards nutrient.
Negative chemotaxis: away from something dangerous.
Endosymbiotic Theory
Eukaryotic life evolved from prokaryotes via endosymbiosis.
Smaller particles merged with larger ones & developed symbiotic relationship.
Symbiosis
Physically close connection between organisms pf 2+ species.
Mutualism
Relationship where organisms living in symbiosis both benefit.
Archaea Require Specific Conditions
High temperature.
High pressure.
Abnormal pH.
Halophiles in salty conditions.
Thermophiles in hot conditions.
Protists
Single- celled eukaryotes (archaea).
Types of Protists
Euglenids (heterotrophs with flagellum).
Diatoms (algae with glass-like cell wall of silicates).
Dinoflagelletes (plates of cellulose, spin in water).
Paramecium (ciliate with oral groove).
Radioarians (symmetry, spider web).
Amoebas (pseudopods for feet).
Fungi: Mycelial Mat
Black dot spores on mould, reproductive structures.
Fungi: Hyphae
Network of thread-like filaments.
Fungi: Mycelium
Mass of branching hyphae.
Fungi: Life Cycle
Sexual: mycelium > plasmogamy (fusion of cytoplasm) > heterokaryotic stage > karyogamy (fusion of nuclei, zygote) > meiosis (spores) > germination.
Asexual: mycelium > spore- producing structures > germination.
