chapter 19 Flashcards
What is helping behaviour?
Helping behaviourrefers to voluntary actions intended tohelpothers. Its is also known aspro-social behaviour, (which is a voluntary action intended tohelpor benefit another individual/group.
Factors influencing helping behaviour
The influences on the likelihood of a person engaging in pro social behaviour. These include the situation (the characteristics of the situation), social norms, personal characteristics of the helper and altruism.
What is the ‘reciprocity norm’?
The norm of reciprocity requires that we repay in kind what another has done for us. It can be understood as the expectation that people will respond favourably to each other by returning benefits for benefits, and responding with either indifference or hostility to harms.
Describe personal factors that can
influence help behaviour
include childhood experience, knowledge and education, personalityand self-construal, sense of control, values,political and world views, goals, felt responsibility, cognitive biases, place attachment, age, gender and chosen activities.
Describe cost benefits analysis in
terms of helping behaviour
To determine if a decision ascertaining if and by how much itsbenefits outweigh itscosts. To provide a basis for comparing or decisions, comparing the total expectedcost of each option with its total expectedbenefits.
Explanations of pro social behaviour Biological
this explanation is part of socio-biology,
which sees pro-social behaviour as genetic
- humans naturally assist others as
a way of protecting our common gene pool.
Explanations of pro social behaviour
Interaction of both
this approach suggests that although we might be born with an innate tendency to help others, exactly how we help is the product of social learning.
Explanations of pro social behaviour Environmental
this view of pro-social behaviour
is not innate, but that it is learned during
the socialisation process. It suggests
that classical and operant conditioning,
and social learning (also referred to as
observational learning) all contribute
to the development of pro-social
behaviour by copying pro-social behaviour
of others around them, and through being
rewarded for appropriate behaviour.
Bystander intervention
is where a person voluntarily helps someone
else. The act of a person voluntarily helping
someone else.
Bystander effect
is where a bystander is more likely to help others in an emergency when he or she is alone than when in a group. the phenomenon where a bystander is more likely to help others in an emergency when he or she is alone then when there are other bystanders.
Decision stage model of helping
- notices the need for help
- Deciding the it is an emergency
- Deciding to take responsibility
- Deciding on a way o help
- Taking action to help
Bullying
A form of behaviour where an individual
or group will intentionally and repeatedly
cause another person mental or physical
pain
Physical
physically hurting someone, with the intention of actually doing it
Verbal
Intimidating someone with words, with the
intention of emotional hurting them
Covert
Bullying but not making it super noticeable
