Chapter 19 Flashcards
Kubitschek’s new capital city
Brasília
Breaking up large estates and distributing that land to peasants
Land Reforms
Quality of Life
Standard of Living
Slowdown in the economy- mid 1800s
Recession
Institutional Revolutionary Party
PRI
Power is shared between state and state government and a central authority
Federal System
Temporary military rule
Martial Law
Opponent of government policy
Dissident
Complete seperation of races
Apartheid
ANC leader that prisoner by government
Nelson Mándela
Ruling committee of communist party
Politburo
Became party’s new general Secretary
Mikhail Gorbachev
Openness
Glasnost
Economic restructuring
Perestroika
Demanding government recognition of their own
Solidarity
Union leader
Lech Walesa
Merging of the 2 Germany’s
Reunification
Elected after Gorbachev kicked out
Boris Yeltsin
Commonwealth of Independent States/ a loose confederation of former soviet territories
CIS
Abrupt shift to free-market economies
“Shock Therapy”
Intended to rid Bosnia of Muslim population
Ethnic Cleaning
Who China entered yet another moderate period under
Zhou Enlai
Emerged as must powerful leader of China
Deng Xiapong
Set of goals adopted by DX involving progress in Ag, industry, defense, science and technology
Four Modernizations
Huge public space in heart of Beijing
Tiananmen Square
Thriving business center and British colony on southeast coast of China
Hong Cong
Name four common democratic practices.
Free elections, citizen participation, majority rule, minority rights, constitutional government
What group held up democratic progress in both Brazil and Argentina until, the 1980s?
Military dictatorships held up democratic progress for decades
What brought about the civil war in Nigeria?
Nigerian Government went to war to reunite the country because the mom-Yoruba people resented Yoruba Control and they decided to break away and form their own region-Biafra
Name 3 significant steps toward democracy taken by South Africa in the 1990s.
Legalized the ANC, held universal elections and wrote a new Constitution
What were the main reforms promoted by soviet leader mikhail Gorbachev?
Announced a policy of glasnost, announced a policy of perestroika, unveiled yet another new policy called democratization, which led to a gradual opening of political system
Which Eastern Europe nations overthrew communists government in 1989?
Poland, Hungary, east Germany, Czechoslovakia, Romania
-wanted more democracy
What was the August Coup and how did it end?
August Coup was a group of hundreds of tanks and armored vehicles that went into Moscow, led by the State Committee, in an attempt to gain more communist obedience. The August Coup ultimately failed when the army men refused to attack, against the State Committee’s orders
What led to the breakup of Yugoslavia?
Joseph Tito died, ethnic conflicts rose, Serbia tried to dominate, several tried to declare independence, nation broke apart, and War resulted
What changes took place in China during the 1970s?
Communes were eliminated, and industry was invited to grow. Foreign technology and investment was welcomed. Income increased, which led to people buying modern appliances, clothing, and music
How did the Chinese government react to demands for democratic reform?
Chinese government shut down all democratic reforms. They assaulted protesters with gunfire. Deng required Chinese government to remain Communist, and ignored all democratic protests
