Chapter 19 Flashcards
Why did Rio de Janeiro become the capital of brazil?
Closer to gold mines
How did competition damage the economic position of brazil?
it increased price in slaves
Upon what did the social hierarchy in America develop?
Racial origins
Which Spanish dynasty tried to institute reforms in the American colonies during the 1700s?
Bourbon dynasty
What were the American colonies of Spain and Portugal experiencing by the mid 1700s?
Population growth & increase in productive capacity
Who was the leader of the Indian revolution in Peru in 1781?
Tupac Amaru
Why were the colonial revolutions against Spanish and Portuguese rule unsuccessful?
Various racial groups couldn’t work together
What were encomiendas?
Grant of Amerindian as labor to individual spaniards
What did the treaty of tordesilles do?
Divided the Americas between Spain and Portugal
What group made up the majority of the government administration in the Spanish colonies?
Lawyers
Which colony was the first major plantation zone in the Americas?
Brazil
What are the differences between the location of the Spanish and Portuguese colonies?
Spain almost exclusively in the Americas, Portugal had brazil Africa & Asia
Which Spanish conqueror led the conquest of Mexico?
Hernan Cortes
As land freed up due to the death of Amerindians, what did the Europeans bring to fill up the land?
Livestock (animals)
Why did the Spanish crown discontinue the encomienda system?
They feared a new noble class
Even though the majority of people were involved in agriculture, what was the most profitable of their enterprises?
Silver
What was a vital component in the mining of silver?
Mercury
What did the influx of silver into Spain cause?
Inflation
What provided the model for other Spanish colonies throughout the Americas?
Caribbean crucible
List four of the characteristics of Iberian culture:
Urbanization, patriarchal, slave holding, emphasis on nobility
What African experience did the Portuguese bring to the Americas?
Slave holding
What were characteristics of the Spanish conquerors?
Humble origins, cruel and ambitious, professional soldiers, agreed to pay the Spanish crown 1/5 of all treasure
What advantages did the Spanish have over the Amerindians?
Diseases, internal rivalries, gunnery, use of horses
What ideas and practices did the Catholic Church import to the Americas?
Monasteries, missions, outlying areas, universities, construction of baroque
