Chapter 19 Flashcards
the guarantees of the safety of persons, opinions, and property from the arbitrary acts of government, including freedom of speech and freedom of religion
Civil liberties
a term used for those positive acts of government that seek to make constitutional guarantees a reality for all people, e.g., prohibitions of discrimination
Civil rights
foreign-born resident, or noncitizen
Alien
part of the 14th Amendment which guarantees that no state deny basic rights to its people
Due process clause
the process of incorporating, or including, most of the guarantees in the Bill of Rights into the 14th Amendment’s Due Process Clause
Process of incorporation
separates church and state
Establishment clause
the second part of the constitutional guarantee of religious freedom, which guarantees to each person the right to believe whatever he or she chooses to believe in matters of religion
Free exercise clause
church-related, as in a parochial school
Parochial
false and malicious use of printed words
Libel
false and malicious use of spoken words
Slander
the crime of attempting to overthrow the government by force, or to disrupt its lawful activities by violent acts
Sedition
the advocating, or urging, of an attempt to overthrow the government by force, or to disrupt its lawful activities with violence
Seditious speech
the government cannot curb ideas before they are expressed
Prior restraint
a court order that forces or limits the performance of some act by a private individual or by a public official
Injunction
a law which gives reporters some protection against having to disclose their sources or reveal other confidential information in legal proceedings
Shield law
expression by conduct; communicating ideas through facial expressions, body language, or by carrying a sign or wearing an arm band
Symbolic speech
patrolling of a business site by workers who are on strike
Picketing
to gather with one another in order to express views on public matters
Assemble
a citizen’s right to bring his or her view to the attention of public officials by such means as written petitions, letters, lobbying, and marches
Petition
a form of protest in which people deliberately but non-violently violate the law, as a means of expressing their opposition to some particular law or public policy
Civil disobedience
the government may not regulate assemblies on the basis on what might be said
Content neutral
the right to associate with others to promote political, economic, and other social causes
Right of association
the first ten amendments to the Constitution
Bill of rights
