Chapter 19

Question 1

the guarantees of the safety of persons, opinions, and property from the arbitrary acts of government, including freedom of speech and freedom of religion

Answer 1

Civil liberties

Question 2

a term used for those positive acts of government that seek to make constitutional guarantees a reality for all people, e.g., prohibitions of discrimination

Answer 2

Civil rights

Question 3

foreign-born resident, or noncitizen

Answer 3

Alien

Question 4

part of the 14th Amendment which guarantees that no state deny basic rights to its people

Answer 4

Due process clause

Question 5

the process of incorporating, or including, most of the guarantees in the Bill of Rights into the 14th Amendment’s Due Process Clause

Answer 5

Process of incorporation

Question 6

separates church and state

Answer 6

Establishment clause

Question 7

the second part of the constitutional guarantee of religious freedom, which guarantees to each person the right to believe whatever he or she chooses to believe in matters of religion

Answer 7

Free exercise clause

Question 8

church-related, as in a parochial school

Answer 8

Parochial

Question 9

false and malicious use of printed words

Answer 9

Libel

Question 10

false and malicious use of spoken words

Answer 10

Slander

Question 11

the crime of attempting to overthrow the government by force, or to disrupt its lawful activities by violent acts

Answer 11

Sedition

Question 12

the advocating, or urging, of an attempt to overthrow the government by force, or to disrupt its lawful activities with violence

Answer 12

Seditious speech

Question 13

the government cannot curb ideas before they are expressed

Answer 13

Prior restraint

Question 14

a court order that forces or limits the performance of some act by a private individual or by a public official

Answer 14

Injunction

Question 15

a law which gives reporters some protection against having to disclose their sources or reveal other confidential information in legal proceedings

Answer 15

Shield law

Question 16

expression by conduct; communicating ideas through facial expressions, body language, or by carrying a sign or wearing an arm band

Answer 16

Symbolic speech

Question 17

patrolling of a business site by workers who are on strike

Answer 17

Picketing

Question 18

to gather with one another in order to express views on public matters

Answer 18

Assemble

Question 19

a citizen’s right to bring his or her view to the attention of public officials by such means as written petitions, letters, lobbying, and marches

Answer 19

Petition

Question 20

a form of protest in which people deliberately but non-violently violate the law, as a means of expressing their opposition to some particular law or public policy

Answer 20

Civil disobedience

Question 21

the government may not regulate assemblies on the basis on what might be said

Answer 21

Content neutral

Question 22

the right to associate with others to promote political, economic, and other social causes

Answer 22

Right of association

Question 23

the first ten amendments to the Constitution

Answer 23

Bill of rights