Chapter 19

Question 0

Missionaries-

Answer 0

People who are sent by a religious organization to spread their faith

Question 1

Fjord-

Answer 1

A noarrow inlet of the sea between cliffs and steep slopes

Question 2

Concordat-

Answer 2

Agreement between the pope and the ruler of a country

Question 3

Feudalism-

Answer 3

Political order; under feudalism, nobles governed and protected people in return for services

Question 4

Vassal-

Answer 4

A low ranking noble under the protection of a feudal lord

Question 5

Fief-

Answer 5

A feudal estate belonging to a vassal

Question 6

Knight-

Answer 6

A soldier on horseback serving a lord

Question 7

Chivalry-

Answer 7

The system, spirit, or customs of medieval knighthood

Question 8

Serf-

Answer 8

A member of the peasant class tied to the land and subject to the will of the landowner

Question 9

Guild-

Answer 9

A group of merchants or craftspeople

Question 10

Grand Jury-

Answer 10

A group of citizens that meets to decide whether people should be accused of crime

Question 11

Trial jury-

Answer 11

A group of citizens that decides whether an accused person is innocent or guilty

Question 12

Theology-

Answer 12

The study of religious faith, practice, and experience

Question 13

Scholasticism-

Answer 13

A way of thinking that combines faith and reason

Question 14

Vernacular-

Answer 14

The everyday spoken language of a region

Question 15

Heresy-

Answer 15

Ideas that go against Church teachings

Question 16

Plague-

Answer 16

A disease that spreads quickly and kills many people

Question 17

Reconquista-

Answer 17

The Christian reconquest of the Iberian peninsula from Muslims

Question 18

When did the middle ages begin?

Answer 18

After the fall of the Roman empire in 476 A.D.

Question 19

Why was it hard for a specific kingdom to have a large empire?

Answer 19

Hard to cross rivers, seas, and mountain ranges kept people largely isolated and prevented attackers from crossing into a territory.

Question 20

Who were the Franks?

Answer 20

The Franks were a germanic group who settled in present day France and Germany. They were the most powerful germanic group.

Question 21

Who was Clovis?

Answer 21

Clovis was a Frankish king. He became the first germanic ruler to adopt Christianity, and the Franks all became Catholic.

Question 22

What happened after Clovis died? Who was the next king?

Answer 22

Frankish kings lost most of their power to a position called mayor of the palace. In 714, mayor of the palace Charles Martel essentially made himself a king.

Question 23

Martel worked with the pope. Why?

Answer 23

He was very religious and wanted to stop the spread of Islam. He decided to wage war against the muslims

Question 24

What happened in this war?

Answer 24

In 732, Martel defeated the muslims in the battle of tours. This stopped the advance of islam into europe.

Question 25

Who were the next Frankish kings?

Answer 25

Pepin was Martel’s son. He forced the Lombards off of Frankish territory. The next king was Charles, also known as Charlemagne.

Question 26

How did Charlemagne build his empire?

Answer 26

He expanded his army, and invaded neighboring lands. He was the most successful at it since the Romans.

Question 27

How did Charlemagne help the pope and what happened because of this?

Answer 27

In 800, Charlemagne came to Rome and defended the pope from attacking Roman nobles. Charlemagne was made the new Roman emperor.

Question 28

How did Charlemagne try to advance learning?

Answer 28

He established a school for the children of government officials. They learned religion, latin, music, literature, and arithmetic.

Question 29

What happened after Charlemagne died?

Answer 29

His empire was divided into three kingdoms. They were very easy to attack, and were raided and destroyed by Muslims, Magyars, and Vikings.

Question 30

How did the Vikings attack and why did they learn this?

Answer 30

The Vikings mostly attacked by navy. Their homeland of Scandinavia was not good for growing crops, so they had to fish and trade for food.

Question 31

Why did the Eastern Frankish Territories (Germany) want to elect a king?

Answer 31

The Muslims, magyars, and vikings brought suffering to the germans, so they wanted to unite their territories and elect a king.

Question 32

Who was elected?

Answer 32

Otto of saxony was elected. He defeated the magyars and freed the pope. The pope made him emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.

Question 33

What happened after Otto?

Answer 33

Different conflicts split the area, and Germany and Italy were not able to become united countries until almost 900 years later.

Question 34

How did Christianity spread to Europe?

Answer 34

A Christian priest named Patrick spread Christianity to Ireland, inspiring pope gregory l to send missionaries around Europe.

Question 35

What did monks, nuns, and monasteries provide?

Answer 35

Monasteries became schools and hospitals, and monks and nuns became nurses and teachers.

Question 36

Why did the choosing of Church officials spark a disagreement?

Answer 36

As monks became more powerful and became kings, kings started to choose Church officials instead of the pope. When Gregory Vll was elected pope, he said that only the pope could choose officials. This angered Henry lV, king of the Holy Roman Empire. The Church excommunicated him. He begged for forgiveness and the Church changed its mind. Gregory forgave him, but picked a new emperor.

Question 37

How did Henry react?

Answer 37

He outwardly accepted the new emperor but changed his mind and seized Rome. This sparked a conflict that lasted nearly 40 years before a new pope and emperor agreed that the pope would appoint new officials.