Chapter 11 Lessons 2-3 Flashcards

0
Q

Plebeians-

A

The lower class of Rome, in the earlier times had no rights or say in the government

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1
Q

Patricians-

A

The upper class of Rome, the wealthy, landowning, ruling class.

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2
Q

Consul-

A

Administrators and army leaders of Rome’s government. There were 2 consuls who could veto each other, and they served one year in office. They were always patricians.

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3
Q

Praetors-

A

The judges of Rome’s government, that could also lead armies. Were patricians

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4
Q

Tribune-

A

A representative of the Council of the Plebs, that voiced plebeian concerns to the government

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5
Q

Dictator-

A

A person granted absolute power

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6
Q

Civic duty-

A

The idea that citizens have a responsibility to help their government

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7
Q

Latifundia-

A

Large farming estates owned by wealthy landowner patricians

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8
Q

Triumvirate-

A

Three rulers who share equal power

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9
Q

What rights and responsibilities did both patricians and plebeians have?

A

Both patrician and plebeian men were allowed to vote, and had to pay taxes and serve in the army

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10
Q

What were plebeians not allowed to do?

A

Plebeians were not allowed to marry patricians, serve in the government, or lead religious ceremonies. Plebeians had no basic rights.

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11
Q

What were the three branches of Roman government?

A

The 3 branches of the Roman government were the consuls, the praetors, and the Senate.

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12
Q

What was later added on to the Roman government?

A

The Council of Plebs was later added on, to voice plebeian concerns to the government. They elected tribunes as representatives.

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13
Q

What reforms happened because of the Council of the Plebs?

A

Plebeians were later allowed to hold positions in the government and marry patricians.

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14
Q

What was a dictator in Rome?

A

During a crisis, the Senate would elect a person to have complete control over the government until the crisis was over.

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15
Q

What were the Punic Wars?

A

The Punic wars were between Carthage and Rome. There were three of them.

16
Q

What happened during the 1st Punic War?

A

Rome wanted the Carthaginian territory of Sicily. Rome invaded Sicily, and they fought using their navies for 20 years. Because Rome had the better navy, it defeated Carthage and won control of Sicily.

17
Q

What happened in the 2nd Punic War?

A

The Romans wanted control of another colony of Carthage, Spain. A Carthaginian general, Hannibal, attacked. Most of Hannibal’s men died of cold in the Alps, and Rome won. Rome got control of Spain.

18
Q

What happened in the 3rd Punic War?

A

Rome still thought that Carthage was a threat, so they destroyed it. Carthage became part of Rome.

19
Q

Why were jobs running out for poor farmers?

A

Most farmers worked on latifundia. Latifundia owners got rid of their paid workers and instead used slaves, who they didn’t have to pay. Jobs ran out for the farmers.

20
Q

Who were the Gracchus brothers?

A

The Gracchus brothers were senators who worked for trying to help the poor, which was an unpopular opinion in the government. They were hated and eventually murdered.

21
Q

What was done to find jobs for the poor? How did this weaken Rome’s government?

A

Generals were allowed to hire soldiers instead of a citizen army. Soldiers became more loyal to the generals that hired them instead of the Roman government.

22
Q

What was the First Triumvirate? How did it end?

A

The first triumvirate was Crassus, Pompey, and Julius Caesar. Crassus died, and Pompey and Caesar became rivals. Their armies fought, and eventually Caesar took sole control of the government.

23
Q

Was Caesar liked? How did Caesar die?

A

Caesar was liked, but he had many enemies. He was killed by those enemies, creating a conflict over who would succeed him.

24
Q

Who succeeded Caesar?

A

Octavian and Mark Antony fought over who would take control of the government. Their armies fought, and Antony killed himself in fear of being taken prisoner by Octavian. Octavian now controlled the government.

25
Q

Did Octavian want Rome to stay a republic?

A

Publicly, Octavian said that he wanted a republic. He really wanted to turn Rome’s government into a monarchy. He told the Senate to declare him consul and commander in chief for life. He became Rome’s first emperor.