Chapter 19

Question 1

When a medication comes in a powdered form they must to be diluted with a liquid referred to as________ or a _______ before it can be administered to a client?

Answer 1

diluent or a solvent

Question 2

Once a liquid is added to a powdered medication, the solution may be used for only ____ to ____ days, depending on the type of medication.

Answer 2

1 to 14 days

Question 3

What is referred to as a reconstitution?

Answer 3

the process of adding a solvent or diluent to a medication in a powdered form to dissolve it and form a solution

Question 4

What does it mean when medication is for parenteral use?

Answer 4

designating a drug to be injected

Question 5

What is always used to reconstitute medications for injectable use?

Answer 5

sterile solutions

Question 6

What is the solute?

Answer 6

a powdered medication or liquid concentration to be dissolved or diluted

Question 7

What is the solvent?

Answer 7

a liquid that is added to the powder or liquid concentrate

Question 8

What should you do if the information is not available that indicates what solvent or diluent to use?

Answer 8

consult the pharmacy, a medication reference such as the Physician’s desk Reference (PDR), the hospital formulary.

Question 9

What is the solution?

Answer 9

the liquid that results when the solvent (diluent) dissolves the solute (powdered) medication or liquid concentrate

Question 10

What is the 1st step in reconstitution?

Answer 10

find the directions and carefully read the information on the vial or the package insert

Question 11

What is the 2nd step in reconstitution?

Answer 11

Prepare the correct diluent in the correct volume

Question 12

What is the 3rd step in reconstitution?

Answer 12

Add the diluent to your drug bottle

Question 13

What is the 4th step in reconstitution?

Answer 13

Gently roll or invert according to the directions until you have made a solution

Question 14

What is the 5th step in reconstitution?

Answer 14

Label the bottle as necessary for storage - add date or use by

Question 15

What are some possible dilutents?

Answer 15

sterile normal saline solution, 5% dextrose and water and bacteriostatic water, tap water

Question 16

Powdered medication takes up space as it dissolves and results in an increase in the amount of total (fluid) volume once it has dissolved. This is sometimes referred to as the …?

Answer 16

displacement factor or just displacement

Question 17

The reconstituted material represents the …?

Answer 17

diluent and powder

Question 18

The two types of reconstituted parenteral solutions are…?

Answer 18

single strength and multiple strength

Question 19

When considering the route of administration for IM, when a choice of strengths can be made, do not choose an amount that would _____ the amount allowed for IM administration or one that is very concentrated.

Answer 19

exceed

Question 20

Always check the _____ and the _____ related to reconstitution.

Answer 20

route

directions

Question 21

On a medication label for directions on reconstitution, what does the word respectively mean?

Answer 21

in the order given - when given multiple diluents

the amounts of diluent correspond to the order in which the concentrations are written

Question 22

When you are mixing a medication that is a multiple-strength solution, the _______ strength that you prepare must be written on the _____.

Answer 22

dosage

vial

Question 23

When calculating dosages, what is available becomes the ______ strength you obtain after mixing the medication according to the directions.

Answer 23

dosage

Question 24

Powdered medications may increase in ______ after a liquid is added (diluent + powder).

Answer 24

Volume

Question 25

When the final concentration is not stated, the ____ weight of the medication in powdered form is used, and the number of _____ produced after the solvent or liquid has been added.

Answer 25

total

milliliters

Question 26

What must be put on a label if the medication is not used in its entirety?

Answer 26

Initial of preparer
dosage strength (if multichoice/mutiple strengths
Date and time of preparation and date and time of expiration

Question 27

Enteral feeding involves the provision of nutrients to the ___________ ________ .

Answer 27

gastrointestinal tract

Question 28

Enteral nutrition may be provided with a _______, ______ or ______ _____.

Answer 28

nasogastric
jejunal - the middle portion of the small intestine, between the duodenum and the ileum.
gastric tube

Question 29

Tube feedings can be administered in several ways, what are they?

Answer 29

• given as a bolus amount by means of gravity
• as a continuous gravity drip
• continuous drip per infusion pump

Question 30

What is a common feeding pump?

Answer 30

Kangaroo pump

Question 31

When the feeding pump is used, the feeding is delivered at a rate expressed in _____ per ____.

Answer 31

milliliters per hour

Question 32

A medication’s effectiveness could depend on the ______ of the tube (e.g. stomach, jejunum)

Answer 32

location

Question 33

To prepare a solution of a specific strength, what are the steps?

Answer 33

1. Desired solution strength x amount of desired solution = solute (solution to be dissolved)
   (the strength of the desired solution is written as a fraction; the amount of desired solution is expressed in milliliters or ounces, depending on the problem This will give you the amount of solvent to prepare the desired solution).
2. Amount of desired solution - solute = amount of liquid needed to dissolve substance (solute)

Question 34

Nutritional formulas may be diluted with _____ or _____ _____.

Answer 34

sterile
tap water
However, always consult a reference regarding what should be used to reconstitute a nutritional formula.