Chapter 19 Flashcards
When a medication comes in a powdered form they must to be diluted with a liquid referred to as________ or a _______ before it can be administered to a client?
diluent or a solvent
Once a liquid is added to a powdered medication, the solution may be used for only ____ to ____ days, depending on the type of medication.
1 to 14 days
What is referred to as a reconstitution?
the process of adding a solvent or diluent to a medication in a powdered form to dissolve it and form a solution
What does it mean when medication is for parenteral use?
designating a drug to be injected
What is always used to reconstitute medications for injectable use?
sterile solutions
What is the solute?
a powdered medication or liquid concentration to be dissolved or diluted
What is the solvent?
a liquid that is added to the powder or liquid concentrate
What should you do if the information is not available that indicates what solvent or diluent to use?
consult the pharmacy, a medication reference such as the Physician’s desk Reference (PDR), the hospital formulary.
What is the solution?
the liquid that results when the solvent (diluent) dissolves the solute (powdered) medication or liquid concentrate
What is the 1st step in reconstitution?
find the directions and carefully read the information on the vial or the package insert
What is the 2nd step in reconstitution?
Prepare the correct diluent in the correct volume
What is the 3rd step in reconstitution?
Add the diluent to your drug bottle
What is the 4th step in reconstitution?
Gently roll or invert according to the directions until you have made a solution
What is the 5th step in reconstitution?
Label the bottle as necessary for storage - add date or use by
What are some possible dilutents?
sterile normal saline solution, 5% dextrose and water and bacteriostatic water, tap water
Powdered medication takes up space as it dissolves and results in an increase in the amount of total (fluid) volume once it has dissolved. This is sometimes referred to as the …?
displacement factor or just displacement
The reconstituted material represents the …?
diluent and powder
The two types of reconstituted parenteral solutions are…?
single strength and multiple strength
When considering the route of administration for IM, when a choice of strengths can be made, do not choose an amount that would _____ the amount allowed for IM administration or one that is very concentrated.
exceed
Always check the _____ and the _____ related to reconstitution.
route
directions
On a medication label for directions on reconstitution, what does the word respectively mean?
in the order given - when given multiple diluents
the amounts of diluent correspond to the order in which the concentrations are written
When you are mixing a medication that is a multiple-strength solution, the _______ strength that you prepare must be written on the _____.
dosage
vial
When calculating dosages, what is available becomes the ______ strength you obtain after mixing the medication according to the directions.
dosage
Powdered medications may increase in ______ after a liquid is added (diluent + powder).
Volume
When the final concentration is not stated, the ____ weight of the medication in powdered form is used, and the number of _____ produced after the solvent or liquid has been added.
total
milliliters
What must be put on a label if the medication is not used in its entirety?
Initial of preparer
dosage strength (if multichoice/mutiple strengths
Date and time of preparation and date and time of expiration
Enteral feeding involves the provision of nutrients to the ___________ ________ .
gastrointestinal tract
Enteral nutrition may be provided with a _______, ______ or ______ _____.
nasogastric
jejunal - the middle portion of the small intestine, between the duodenum and the ileum.
gastric tube
Tube feedings can be administered in several ways, what are they?
- given as a bolus amount by means of gravity
- as a continuous gravity drip
- continuous drip per infusion pump
What is a common feeding pump?
Kangaroo pump
When the feeding pump is used, the feeding is delivered at a rate expressed in _____ per ____.
milliliters per hour
A medication’s effectiveness could depend on the ______ of the tube (e.g. stomach, jejunum)
location
To prepare a solution of a specific strength, what are the steps?
- Desired solution strength x amount of desired solution = solute (solution to be dissolved)
(the strength of the desired solution is written as a fraction; the amount of desired solution is expressed in milliliters or ounces, depending on the problem This will give you the amount of solvent to prepare the desired solution). - Amount of desired solution - solute = amount of liquid needed to dissolve substance (solute)
Nutritional formulas may be diluted with _____ or _____ _____.
sterile
tap water
However, always consult a reference regarding what should be used to reconstitute a nutritional formula.
