Chapter 18.1 - Genetic Basis of Development Flashcards
What does “totipotent” mean?
It means that a egg gives rise to a complete organism.
What is a blastocyst?
It is a fluid filled ball of cells that is an early stage of embryo development in mammals
What is a Inner cell mass?
A group of cells in the blastocyst where the body of the embryo forms
What is a gastrula?
Stage of early embryo development where the cells of the blastula from a multilayered structure where the cells differentiate
What are the three germ layers?
- Ectoderm
- Mesoderm
- Endoderm
What is the purpose of the three germ layers
They later change into specialized cells
What cells are included in the ectoderm?
Outer layer of skin, nerve cells in the brain
What cells are included in the mesoderm?
Ones that make up the inner layer of the skin, muscle cells, bone cells, and red blood cells.
What cells are included in the endoderm?
cells of the lining of the digestive tract, lung, liver, and pancreas
As cells differentiate, they lose the potential to develop into any type of cell. Is this statement true or false?
True
What does pluripotent mean?
It means that an embryonic cell can give rise to any of the three germ layers. (basically any cell of the body).
What does multipotent mean?
Cells that can form a limited number of types of specialized cells
What is nuclear transfer?
procedure where a hollow glass needle is used to inset the nucleus of a cell into the cytoplasm of an egg who has no nucleus
What is X-inactivation?
It is random inactivation of a X chromosome observed when two identically genetic species have different characters.
Why would an individuals cells be used in its own stem cell therapy
Using your own cells contain your own genomes so there would be little to no tissue rejection.
