Chapter 18- Social Psychology Part Two Flashcards
Them”—those perceived as different or apart from one’s ingroup.
Out Group
: “Us”—people with whom one shares a common identity.
In group
the tendency to favor one’s own group
Ingroup bias
: the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame.
Scapegoat Theory
the tendency of people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get
Just-World Phenomenon
any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy
Aggression
the principle that frustration—the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal—creates anger, which can generate aggression
Frustration-Agression Principle
a perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas
Conflict
a situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior
Social Trap
the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them
Mere Exposure Effect
an aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship
Passionate Love
the deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined
Companionate Love
a condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it
Equity
revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others
Self-Disclosure
unselfish regard for the welfare of others
Altruism
the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present
Bystander Effect
the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs
Social Exchange Theory
an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them
Reciprocity Norm
an expectation that people will help those dependent upon them
Social Respnsibility Norm
shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation
Super ordinate Goals
Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction—a strategy designed to decrease international tensions
GRIT
