Chapter 17- Treatment Flashcards
Biomedical Therapy
prescribed medications or medical procedures that act directly on the patient’s nervous system.
Pyschotherapy
an emotionally charged, confiding interaction between a trained therapist and someone who suffers from psychological difficulties.
Eclectic Approach
an approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client’s problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy
Pyschoanalysis
Sigmund Freud’s therapeutic technique. Freud believed the patient’s free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences—and the therapist’s interpretations of them—released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight.
Sigmund Freud
developed psychoanalysis, which was the first of the psychological therapies. Freud assumed that many psychological problems are fueled by childhood’s residue of repressed impulses and conflicts.
Free Association
in psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing.
Resistance
in psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material.
Interpretation
in psychoanalysis, the analyst’s noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight.
Transference
in psychoanalysis, the patient’s transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a parent)
Client-Centered Therapy
a humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic environment to facilitate clients’ growth. (Also called person-centered therapy)
Carl Rogers
believed that people are basically good and are endowed with self-actualizing tendencies. Unless thwarted by an environment that inhibits growth, each of us is like an acorn, primed for growth and fulfillment. Rogers believed that a growth-promoting climate required three conditions—genuineness, acceptance, and empathy.
Active Listening
empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies. A feature of Rogers’ client-centered therapy.
Behavior Therapy
therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors
Counter Conditioning
a behavior therapy procedure that conditions new responses to stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviors; based on classical conditioning. Includes exposure therapy and aversive conditioning.
Exposure Therapies
behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization, that treat anxieties by exposing people (in imagination or actuality) to the things they fear and avoid.
Systematic Desentization
a type of counterconditioning that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias
Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy
an anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to simulations of their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking
Aversive Conditioning
a type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol)
Token Economy
an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats
Cognitive Therapy
therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions
Cognitive-Behavior Therapy
a popular integrated therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior)
Family Therapy
therapy that treats the family as a system. Views an individual’s unwanted behaviors as influenced by or directed at other family members; attempts to guide family members toward positive relationships and improved communication
Regression toward the Mean
the tendency for extremes of unusual scores to fall back (regress) toward their average
Meta-Analysis
a procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies
Pyschopharmocology
the study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior
Tardive Dyskinesia
involuntary movements of the facial muscles, tongue, and limbs; a possible neurotoxic side effect of long-term use of antipsychotic drugs that target D2 dopamine receptors
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS)
the application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity
Psychosurgery
surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior
