Chapter 18 - Prime Movers Flashcards
Define prime mover
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From where do internal-combustion engines derive their energy?
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What sets Diesel engines apart from other internal combustion engines?
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What are the two basic types of Diesel engines?
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Describe naturally-aspirated and supercharged engines
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What are the compression ratios for Diesel engines?
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Describe compression-combustion
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What are the methods of fuel injection?
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How are gasoline engines similar Diesel engines
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Describe how combustion is achieved with a gasoline engine
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What are the compression ratios with gasoline engines and how does that alter their construction?
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How is fuel supplied to gasoline engines?
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Compare high-compression gas-burning engines to both diesel and gasoline engines
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Describe the operating principles of four-stroke cycle Diesel engines
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Describe the operating principles of two-stroke cycle diesel engines with and without blowers
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Describe the purpose and operating principles of the following components:
- crankshaft and journal bearings
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Describe the purpose and operating principles of the following components:
- flywheel
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Describe the purpose and operating principles of the following components:
- connecting rod and piston assembly
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Describe the purpose and operating principles of the following components:
- cylinder head and valve assembly
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Describe the purpose and operating principles of the following components:
- camshaft with lifters and push rods
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Describe the purpose and operating principles of the following components:
- engine block
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Describe the purpose and operating principles of the following components:
- turbochargers
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Compare the construction and components of two-stroke gasoline engines to two-stroke diesel engines
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Compare superchargers to turbochargers
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What procedures are followed for preventative maintenance with internal combustion engines?
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What is the source of energy for a steam turbine?
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Define MPa and MW
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How is the energy in steam converted into electrical power in a turbine generator?
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How does temperature differential across a turbine affect its output?
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Define the following:
- turbine
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Define the following:
- nozzles
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Define the following:
- steam chest
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Define the following:
- diaphragm
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Define the following:
- rotor
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Define the following:
- blade
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Define the following:
- stage
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Define the following:
- governor
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Define the following:
- extraction
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Define the following:
- condenser
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Describe the principles of operation of a steam turbine
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Describe axial flow and radial flow turbines
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Briefly describe back-pressure turbines and back-pressure/extraction turbines
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How does the extraction of steam affect the turbines output power?
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How is intermediate pressure process steam prevented from backing up into the turbine?
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Describe the operation of condensing turbines and extraction/condensing turbines
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List the rotating elements in turbines
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Describe the operating principles of impulse and reaction blades
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How are the blades attached to the turbine shaft?
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How are the turbine blades prevented from vibrating?
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Describe the types and accuracy of the turbine bearings
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How is the turbine joined to the driven machine?
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How is the flow of steam to the nozzles controlled, for more or less power, on a small mechanical turbine?
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How do nozzles convert pressure energy to velocity energy?
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How are diaphragms fastened to the turbine casing and how is leakage controlled from one stage to the other?
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Why are shaft seals important?
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List and briefly describe the seals used on turbine shafts
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How is the shaft steam-seal system started up and maintained?
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Describe the operating principles of a condenser and hot well
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Why and how is the cooling water reused?
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How are control valves operated on a turbine?
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Describe each of the following:
- main stop valve
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Describe each of the following:
- exhaust valve
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Describe each of the following:
- throttle valves
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Describe each of the following:
- emergency trip valve activation
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Describe each of the following:
- governor valves
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Describe each of the following:
- extraction valves
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Describe each of the following:
- non-return valves on extraction lines
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List the various types of governors found on steam turbines
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Describe the operating principles of:
- mechanical governors
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Describe the operating principles of:
- mechanical-hydraulic governors
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Describe the operating principles of:
- hydraulic governors
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Describe the operating principles of:
- electronic and electro-hydraulic governors
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List the turbine auxiliary systems
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How is the main oil pump driven on a turbine-generator?
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What is the purpose of the auxiliary oil pump?
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How is the temperature of the oil going to the bearings controlled?
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What is the desired temperature range for oil leaving the bearings in a turbine-generator?
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What is the reason for turning a turbine-generator until completely cooled and how is this accomplished?
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What is the purpose of jacking pumps?
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How are jacking pumps used?
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What pre-start checks should be done on a turbine-generator?
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Describe the operating principles of a:
- gas turbine
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Describe the operating principles of a:
- simple open-cycle turbine
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Describe the operating principles of a:
- complex-cycle turbine
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Describe the operating principles of a:
- closed-cycle turbine
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Describe the operating principles of a:
- single-shaft turbine
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Describe the operating principles of a:
- two-shaft turbine
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What types of compressors are used with gas turbines and which type is more efficient?
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Briefly describe the following:
- combustor
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Briefly describe the following:
- igniter
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Briefly describe the following:
- atomizer or vaporizer
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Briefly describe the following:
- flame tubes
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What stresses do gas turbines have to endure
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How are the turbine blades cooled?
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How are the turbine blades shaped?
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Describe a radial inward-flow (centripetal) rotor turbine
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What types of bearings and seals are used on gas turbines?
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List the protection systems on a gas turbine
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Briefly describe the gas turbine governors and lubricating system
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List the pre-start checks for gas turbines
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What are the operating principles of electric motors?
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How are electric motor frames constructed?
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How are frame sizes classed and why is this important to a millwright?
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Describe DC motor construction including field poles, armature assembly, commutator, brush holders, tension springs, brushes and bearings
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Describe the design characteristics of the following DC motors:
- series-connected field motors
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Describe the design characteristics of the following DC motors:
- shunt-connected field motors
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Describe the design characteristics of the following DC motors:
- compound field motors
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Describe the design characteristics of the following DC motors:
- permanent-magnet motors
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Describe the design characteristics of the following three-phase AC motors:
- squirrel cage induction motors
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Describe the design characteristics of the following three-phase AC motors:
- wound rotor motor
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Describe the design characteristics of the following three-phase AC motors:
- synchronous motor
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Describe the design characteristics of the following single-phase AC motors:
- split-phase motors
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Describe the design characteristics of the following single-phase AC motors:
- permanent-split capacitor motors
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Describe the design characteristics of the following single-phase AC motors:
- repulsion motors
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List the information on the name plate and state it’s significance
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of series-connected field motors?
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of squirrel cage rotor motors?
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of repulsion and repulsion-start motors?
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