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Millwright Manual > Chapter 18 - Prime Movers > Flashcards

Chapter 18 - Prime Movers Flashcards

1
Q

Define prime mover

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2
Q

From where do internal-combustion engines derive their energy?

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3
Q

What sets Diesel engines apart from other internal combustion engines?

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4
Q

What are the two basic types of Diesel engines?

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5
Q

Describe naturally-aspirated and supercharged engines

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6
Q

What are the compression ratios for Diesel engines?

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7
Q

Describe compression-combustion

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8
Q

What are the methods of fuel injection?

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9
Q

How are gasoline engines similar Diesel engines

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10
Q

Describe how combustion is achieved with a gasoline engine

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11
Q

What are the compression ratios with gasoline engines and how does that alter their construction?

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12
Q

How is fuel supplied to gasoline engines?

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13
Q

Compare high-compression gas-burning engines to both diesel and gasoline engines

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14
Q

Describe the operating principles of four-stroke cycle Diesel engines

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15
Q

Describe the operating principles of two-stroke cycle diesel engines with and without blowers

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16
Q

Describe the purpose and operating principles of the following components:
- crankshaft and journal bearings

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17
Q

Describe the purpose and operating principles of the following components:
- flywheel

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18
Q

Describe the purpose and operating principles of the following components:
- connecting rod and piston assembly

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19
Q

Describe the purpose and operating principles of the following components:
- cylinder head and valve assembly

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20
Q

Describe the purpose and operating principles of the following components:
- camshaft with lifters and push rods

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21
Q

Describe the purpose and operating principles of the following components:
- engine block

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22
Q

Describe the purpose and operating principles of the following components:
- turbochargers

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23
Q

Compare the construction and components of two-stroke gasoline engines to two-stroke diesel engines

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24
Q

Compare superchargers to turbochargers

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25
Q

What procedures are followed for preventative maintenance with internal combustion engines?

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26
Q

What is the source of energy for a steam turbine?

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27
Q

Define MPa and MW

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28
Q

How is the energy in steam converted into electrical power in a turbine generator?

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29
Q

How does temperature differential across a turbine affect its output?

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30
Q

Define the following:

- turbine

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31
Q

Define the following:

- nozzles

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32
Q

Define the following:

- steam chest

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33
Q

Define the following:

- diaphragm

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34
Q

Define the following:

- rotor

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35
Q

Define the following:

- blade

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36
Q

Define the following:

- stage

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37
Q

Define the following:

- governor

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38
Q

Define the following:

- extraction

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39
Q

Define the following:

- condenser

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40
Q

Describe the principles of operation of a steam turbine

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41
Q

Describe axial flow and radial flow turbines

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42
Q

Briefly describe back-pressure turbines and back-pressure/extraction turbines

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43
Q

How does the extraction of steam affect the turbines output power?

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44
Q

How is intermediate pressure process steam prevented from backing up into the turbine?

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45
Q

Describe the operation of condensing turbines and extraction/condensing turbines

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46
Q

List the rotating elements in turbines

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47
Q

Describe the operating principles of impulse and reaction blades

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48
Q

How are the blades attached to the turbine shaft?

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49
Q

How are the turbine blades prevented from vibrating?

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50
Q

Describe the types and accuracy of the turbine bearings

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51
Q

How is the turbine joined to the driven machine?

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52
Q

How is the flow of steam to the nozzles controlled, for more or less power, on a small mechanical turbine?

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53
Q

How do nozzles convert pressure energy to velocity energy?

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54
Q

How are diaphragms fastened to the turbine casing and how is leakage controlled from one stage to the other?

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55
Q

Why are shaft seals important?

A

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56
Q

List and briefly describe the seals used on turbine shafts

A

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57
Q

How is the shaft steam-seal system started up and maintained?

A

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58
Q

Describe the operating principles of a condenser and hot well

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59
Q

Why and how is the cooling water reused?

A

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60
Q

How are control valves operated on a turbine?

A

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61
Q

Describe each of the following:

- main stop valve

A

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62
Q

Describe each of the following:

- exhaust valve

A

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63
Q

Describe each of the following:

- throttle valves

A

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64
Q

Describe each of the following:

- emergency trip valve activation

A

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65
Q

Describe each of the following:

- governor valves

A

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66
Q

Describe each of the following:

- extraction valves

A

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67
Q

Describe each of the following:

- non-return valves on extraction lines

A

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68
Q

List the various types of governors found on steam turbines

A

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69
Q

Describe the operating principles of:

- mechanical governors

A

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70
Q

Describe the operating principles of:

- mechanical-hydraulic governors

A

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71
Q

Describe the operating principles of:

- hydraulic governors

A

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72
Q

Describe the operating principles of:

- electronic and electro-hydraulic governors

A

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73
Q

List the turbine auxiliary systems

A

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74
Q

How is the main oil pump driven on a turbine-generator?

A

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75
Q

What is the purpose of the auxiliary oil pump?

A

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76
Q

How is the temperature of the oil going to the bearings controlled?

A

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77
Q

What is the desired temperature range for oil leaving the bearings in a turbine-generator?

A

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78
Q

What is the reason for turning a turbine-generator until completely cooled and how is this accomplished?

A

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79
Q

What is the purpose of jacking pumps?

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80
Q

How are jacking pumps used?

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81
Q

What pre-start checks should be done on a turbine-generator?

A

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82
Q

Describe the operating principles of a:

- gas turbine

A

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83
Q

Describe the operating principles of a:

- simple open-cycle turbine

A

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84
Q

Describe the operating principles of a:

- complex-cycle turbine

A

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85
Q

Describe the operating principles of a:

- closed-cycle turbine

A

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86
Q

Describe the operating principles of a:

- single-shaft turbine

A

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87
Q

Describe the operating principles of a:

- two-shaft turbine

A

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88
Q

What types of compressors are used with gas turbines and which type is more efficient?

A

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89
Q

Briefly describe the following:

- combustor

A

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90
Q

Briefly describe the following:

- igniter

A

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91
Q

Briefly describe the following:

- atomizer or vaporizer

A

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92
Q

Briefly describe the following:

- flame tubes

A

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93
Q

What stresses do gas turbines have to endure

A

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94
Q

How are the turbine blades cooled?

A

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95
Q

How are the turbine blades shaped?

A

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96
Q

Describe a radial inward-flow (centripetal) rotor turbine

A

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97
Q

What types of bearings and seals are used on gas turbines?

A

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98
Q

List the protection systems on a gas turbine

A

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99
Q

Briefly describe the gas turbine governors and lubricating system

A

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100
Q

List the pre-start checks for gas turbines

A

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101
Q

What are the operating principles of electric motors?

A

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102
Q

How are electric motor frames constructed?

A

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103
Q

How are frame sizes classed and why is this important to a millwright?

A

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104
Q

Describe DC motor construction including field poles, armature assembly, commutator, brush holders, tension springs, brushes and bearings

A

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105
Q

Describe the design characteristics of the following DC motors:
- series-connected field motors

A

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106
Q

Describe the design characteristics of the following DC motors:
- shunt-connected field motors

A

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107
Q

Describe the design characteristics of the following DC motors:
- compound field motors

A

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108
Q

Describe the design characteristics of the following DC motors:
- permanent-magnet motors

A

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109
Q

Describe the design characteristics of the following three-phase AC motors:
- squirrel cage induction motors

A

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110
Q

Describe the design characteristics of the following three-phase AC motors:
- wound rotor motor

A

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111
Q

Describe the design characteristics of the following three-phase AC motors:
- synchronous motor

A

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112
Q

Describe the design characteristics of the following single-phase AC motors:
- split-phase motors

A

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113
Q

Describe the design characteristics of the following single-phase AC motors:
- permanent-split capacitor motors

A

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114
Q

Describe the design characteristics of the following single-phase AC motors:
- repulsion motors

A

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115
Q

List the information on the name plate and state it’s significance

A

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116
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of series-connected field motors?

A

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117
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of squirrel cage rotor motors?

A

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118
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of repulsion and repulsion-start motors?

A

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Millwright Manual (24 decks)

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