Chapter 18 Injuries intro Flashcards
Supination and pronation of the foot
Supination: high arch, ankles out
Pronation: low arch/flat feet, ankles in
Inversion of foot vs eversion
movements that tilt the sole of the foot away from (eversion) or towards (inversion) the midline of the body. Eversion is the movement of the sole of the foot away from the median plane.
Forefoot Valgus
-metatarsal heads are everted relative to plane of calcaneus when in subtalar neutral
causes excess supination when weight bearing
Rearfoot varus
Calcaneus inverted
Causes over pronation in weight bearing not compensate
Forefoot varus
.metatarsal heads are inverted relative to plane of calcaneus
When in subtalar neutral
–Osseous deformity or soft tissue tightness may cause
Causes over-pronation when weight bearing
Palpation
Lots of bony landmarks to palpate (pick a few to memorize) -Medial calcaneus •Calcaneal dome •Medial malleolus •Sustentaculum tali •Talar head •Navicular tubercle •First cuneiform •First metatarsal and metatarsophalangeal joint •First phalanx
- Lateral calcaneus
- Lateral malleolus
- Sinus tarsi
- Peroneal tubercle
- Cuboid bone
- Styloid process
- Fifth metatarsal
- Fifth metatarsalphalangeal joint
- Fifth phalanx
Mortons test
Foot in neutral, transverse pressure applied to metatarsals (causes sharp pain in forefoot)
Positive test: positive for pain/abnormality may mean metatarsalgia (pain in ball of foot)
Or neuroma (bulging that emanates from a nerve)
Recognition and management of specific injuries
-Foot problems are associated with improper footwear, poor hygiene, anatomical structural deviations or abnormal stresses
•Sports place exceptional stress on feet
•Athletic trainers must be aware of potential problems and be capable of identifying, ameliorating(make better) or preventing them
Injuries to the tarsal region
- fracture of the talus
- fractures of the calcaneus
- calcaneus stress fracture
- apophysitis of the calcaneus (sever’s disease)
- retrocalcaneal bursitis
- heel contusion
- cuboid subluxation
- tarsal tunnel syndrome
- tarsometatarsal fracture, dislocation (lisfranc)
Injuries to the metatarsal region
Pes planus foot (flatfoot) Pets cavus foot (high arch) Second metatarsal stress fracture (Mortons toe) Longitudinal arch strain Plantar fasciitis Jones fracture Metatarsal stress fractures Bunions Sesamoidititis Metatarsalgia Metatarsal arch strain Mortons neuroma
Injuries to the toes
Sprained toes
Great toe hyper extension (turf toe)
Fractures and dislocations of the phalanges
Hallux rigidus
Hammertoe, mallet toe, and claw toe
Overlapping toes
Blood under the toenail (subungal hematoma)
