Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathopharm III > Chapter 18: Drugs for the Control of pain - Prototype Drugs > Flashcards

Chapter 18: Drugs for the Control of pain - Prototype Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the prototype drug for an Opiod Agonist?

A

morphine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the MOA of morphine

A
  • acts by stimulating mu and kappa receptor sites
  • causes euphoria, constriction of the pupils, and stimulation of cardiac muscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is morphine used for?

A
  • symptomatic relief of serious acute and chronic pain after nonnarcotic analgesics have failed
  • preanesthetic medication
  • relief of SOB associated with HF and pulmonary edema
  • Acute chest pain connected with MI
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the Adverse Effects of morphine?

A
  • Respiratory depression
  • Sedation
  • N/V
  • orthostatic hypotension d/t peripheral vasodilation
  • hallucinations
  • Constipation
  • Itiching sensation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Can tolerance develop to sedative, nausea-producing, and euphoric effects of morphine?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Can cross-tolerance develop between morphine and other opioids such as heroin, methadone, and meperidine?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What happens when high doses of morphine are taken for prolonged periods?

A

physical and psychological dependence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the route for morphine?

A
  • PO (capsules, liquid, or sublingual)
  • IV
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

should a patient open a morphine capsue or crush extended release forms?

A

No, unless directed to do so by your HCP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the pregnancy category of morphine?

A
  • pregnancy category B
  • chages to category D in long-term use or with high doeses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the Black Box Warning for morphine?

A
  • when admin as epidural drug - pts must be observed in a fully equipped and staffed environment for at least 24 hours
  • when admin as extended release tablet - has abuse liability
  • Schedule II drug
  • take whole, do not break, chew, dissolve, or crush
  • avoid alcohol
  • if warnings are not followed it could result in fatal respiratory depression
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Whar are the contraindications of morphine?

A
  • acute or severe asthma
  • GI obstruction
  • severe kidney or liver impairment
  • Gallbladder disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What happens with the concurrent use of CNS depressants with opioids (morphine, etc)?

A

it potentiates the action of opiates (morphine, etc) and increases the risk of severe respiratory depression and death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are some examples of other CNS depressants that should be avoided when taking morphine or other opioids?

A
  • alcohol
  • other opioids
  • general anesthetics
  • sedatives
  • antidepressants (MAOIs and tricyclic antidepressants)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

which herbal/foods may potentiate the effect of morphine?

A
  • Kava
  • valerian
  • st John’s wort
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the result of morphine OD?

A

severe respiratory depression or cardiac arrest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the specific treatment of morphine OD?

A

IV admin of nalaxone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are some other treatments for morphine OD?

A
  • activated charcoal
  • laxatives
  • counteracting narcotic antagonist (multiple doses may be needed)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the prototype Drug for Opioid Antagonist?

A

Naloxone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the MOA of Naloxone?

A
  • acts by blocking mu and kappa receptors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is Naloxone used for?

A
  • used for reversal of opioid effects in emergency situations when acute opioid OD is suspected
  • used to treat postoperative opioid depression
  • cause opioid withdrawal symptoms in patients physically dependent on opiods
  • occasionally given as adjunctive therapy to reverse hypotension caused by septic shock
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the Adverse Effects of naloxone?

A
  • minimal toxicity
  • rapid loss of analgesia
  • increased blood pressure
  • tremors
  • hyperventilation
  • N/V
  • Aggigtation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the route of naloxone?

A
  • IV, IM, SubQ, nasal spray
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How quickly does Naloxone start to reverse opioid-initiated CNS and respiratory depression when administered IV

A

1-2 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
At how many breaths/minute should you administer Naloxone?
- fewer than 10 breaths per minute - keep resuscitative equipment accessible
26
What pregnancy category is Naloxone?
Pregnancy category B
27
What are the contraindications of naloxone?
- should not be used for respiratory depression caused by non-opioid medications - hepatic injury or acute liver disease
28
what are some interactions for naloxone?
- reversal of the analgeisc effects of opioid agonists and mixed agonist drugs - Echinacea may increase the risk of hepatotoxicity
29
What is the prototype drug for Salicylates
aspirin
30
What is the MOA of aspirin
inhibits prostaglandin synthesis involved in the process of pain and inflammation and produces mild to moderate relief of fever
31
Does aspirin cause vasodilation and sweating
yes, aspirin has limited effects on peripheral blood vessels, causing vasodilation and sweating
32
What is aspirin used for?
- it has significant anticoagulant activity - it reduces the risk of mortality following an MI - it reduces the incidence of strokes
33
What are the adverse effects of aspirin
high doses may cause GI distress and bleeding d/t antiplatelet effects
34
What is the route for aspirin
- PO - enteric coated tablets available for pts who experience GI side effects
35
The platelet aggregation inhibition caused by aspirin is irreversible. true or false?
True
36
How long before surgery should you discontinue aspirin?
1 week
37
What pregnancy category is aspirin
pregnancy category D
38
What is contraindicated for aspirin?
Do not give to patients receiving anticoagulant therapy such as warfarin and heparin
39
the action of which drug will be increased with concurrent use with aspirin?
oral hypoglycemic agents
40
Which drugs will decrease aspirins effects?
phenobarbital, antacids, and glucocorticoids
41
The effects of which drugs will be decreased when used with aspirin?
NSAIDs, betablockers, spironolactone, and sulfa drugs
42
Which drugs may increase the effects of aspirin?
Insulin, methotrexate, phenytoin, sufonamides, and penicillins
43
What may increase the risk for gastric ulcers when taken with aspirin?
alcohol, pyrazolone derivatives, steroids, or other NSAIDs
44
What herbal/foods will increase the risk for bleediong when taken with aspirin?
feverfew, garlic, ginger, and ginkgo
45
how might aspirin affect lab tests?
- its excreted in urine and affects urine testing for glucose and other metabolites - may cause prolonged prothrombin time by decreasing prothrombin production - may interfere with pregnancy tests - may decrease serum levels of cholesterol, potassium, T3 and T4 - hight salicylate levels may cause abnormalities in liver function test
46
What is the treatment for aspirin OD?
- activated charcoal - gastric lavage - laxative - drug therapy for OD symptoms such as dizziness, drowsiness, abdominal pain and seizures
47
What is the prototype drug for Triptans?
sumatriptan
48
What is the MOA of sumatriptan?
Acts as serotonin agonists, constricting certain intracranial vessels
49
What is sumatriptan used for?
used to abort migraines with or without auras
50
How quickly does sumatriptan work?
10-30 minutes
51
Is sumatriptan effective for long-term prophylaxis of migraines?
NO
52
What are Sumatriptan's Adverse Effects?
- GI upset - Dizziness - Drowsiness - Warming sensation
53
What is the route for sumatriptan?
- oral, intranasal, and SubQ
54
What might sumatriptan produce in indiviudals with no previous cardiac events?
cardiac ischemia
55
Sumatrptan's systemic vasoconstrictor activity may cause what?
Hypertension which may result in dysrhythmias or MI
56
What pregnancy category is sumatriptan?
Pregnancy category C
57
What are the contraindications for sumatriptan?
- use cautiously in pts with recent MI hx or angina pectoris, hypertension, or diabetes d/t vasoconstricting action - pts with acute kidney injury or hepatic impairment
58
Which drugs may increase the effects of sumatriptain when takn concurrently
MAOIs and SSRIs
59
what may occur when taken with ergot alkaloids or other triptans?
further vasoconstriction
60
What may increase triptan toxicity?
ginkgo, ginseng, echinacea, and St. Johns's wort
61
62
What is the treatment of OD for sumatriptan
drug therapy for the following symptoms: weakness, lack of coordination, watery eyes and mouth, tremors, seizures, or breathing problems

Pathopharm III (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions