Chapter 18 - Blood Vessels - Learning Outcomes Flashcards
What are the different layers (tunics) of a blood vessel?
Tunica Externa, Tunica Media, Tunica Intima
What are each blood vessels made of, and what is the function of each?
What are some differences between the structure of a vein and an artery?
At rest, how is blood distributed throughout the circulatory system?
Where is the majority of blood found?
Systemic Veins (55%)
What are the similarities and differences between arterioles and arteries?
What about venules and veins?
What is blood pressure?
The amount of pressure blood exerts on blood vessels
What factors are capable of determining blood pressure?
In a standard blood pressure reading, what do the “top” and “bottom” numbers mean?
Top number is systole, bottom number is diastole
What is “mean arterial pressure” (MAP)? And how is this calculated?
Where in the systemic circuit is blood pressure highest? And where is it lowest?
The blood pressure is higher near the Aorta (heart) and lower near the venae cavae (body)
What is the trend in blood pressure as blood moves through the systemic circuit?
Blood pressure decreases
How does low pressure blood in veins still make its way to the heart (especially when it is “fighting” against gravity)?
The constriction of the muscles where veins are located act as a force to help propel blood upwards
How do autonomic signalling pathways effect blood pressure?
Parasympathetic: dilates blood vessels which decreases blood pressure.
Sympathetic: constricts blood vessels which increase blood pressure.
What is a baroreceptor?
What is the baroreceptor reflex?
What mechanisms are responsible for short-term changes in blood pressure?
What mechanisms are responsible for long-term maintenance of blood pressure?
How is the structure of a capillary different than an artery or vein?
Capillaries are much smaller (single cell thick) and have less protective layers, mostly endothelial cells.
In what ways can substances move into and out of a capillary?
Cell membrane (diffusion), transcytosis (through endothelial cells, or fenestrations.
Which is the most restrictive and least restrictive ways substances move in and out of the capillary?
Most restrictive is through
How are the three types of capillaries structured?
Where in the body would you find sinusoidal capillaries?
liver, bone marrow, spleen, lymphoid organs
