Chapter 17 - Heart - Learning Outcomes Flashcards
Where is the heart located in the human body?
Thoracic region, specifically in the mediastinum, and above the diaphragm.
What surrounds the heart to protect it?
Ribs, lungs, muscles, and skin.
What type of tissue is the heart made of?
Cardiac muscle
How many chambers does a typical human heart have?
4 chambers : right and left atrium and ventricles.
How many valves does a typical human heart have?
4 valves : aortic, pulmonary, tricuspid, bicuspid.
What blood vessels move through different portions of the heart?
Arteries and Veins
What is the difference between the pulmonary and systemic circuit?
Pulmonary: moves blood between heart and lungs.
Systemic: moves blood between heart and body.
What serous membrane surrounds the heart?
Pericardium
What are some major anatomical and functional differences between the left and right side of the heart?
Right side: pumps blood to lungs and has thinner walls.
Left side: pumps blood to whole body and has thicker walls.
Why does the heart need its own circulation?
In order to be able to function and pump blood to the body.
What does a typical cardiac muscle cell look like?
tubular structure composed of chains of myofibrlis, which are rod-like units in a cell.
What is the difference between a contractile cardiac muscle cell and a pacemaker cell?
Cardiac muscle cells help contract the muscles, pacemaker cells provide the energy needed to contract the cardiac muscles.
What % of pacemaker cells are in the heart compared to cardiac muscle cells?
1% pacemaker cells, 99% cardiac muscle cells
In what region of the heart are pacemaker cells found?
Right atrium
How is the electrical signal of pacemaker cells conducted?
SA Node > Atrial Conducting Fibers > AV Node > Right or Left Bundle Branch > Purkinje Fibers
