Chapter 18 Blood Flashcards
2 parts of blood
1.Formed elements
RBC- carry oxygen
WBC- immunity
Platelets - clotting
2. Plasma
the water portion of blood and proteins
Characteristics of blood
Blood color depends on oxygen
Bright red - oxygen rich
Dark red - oxygen poor
Volume
5 litters
Males have more than women due to body size
Viscosity (thickness)
4 to 5 thicker than water
Viscosity increases if erythrocytes (RBC) number increases
Viscosity increases if the amount of fluid decreases
Arteries
Transport blood away from heart
Veins
Transport blood towards heart
Capillaries
Allow exchange between blood and body tissues
Erythrocytes
Red blood cells
Most numerous
Leukocytes
White blood cells
Large
Viscosity
Thickness of blood
Increases if erythrocytes-RBC number increases
Increases if amount of fluid decreases
Whole blood
Separated into part by centrifuge
Plasma
Buffy coat
Erythrocytes
Plasma
55%
Water & Proteins
Albumins 58%
Globulins 37%
Fibringen 4%
Buffy coat
1%
Platelets and leukocytes
Leukocytes,lymphocytes, monocytes
Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
Erythrocytes percent
44%
Erythrocytes- whole blood
Hematocrit
Percentage of only erythrocytes
Males have more RBC than women because testosterone
Albumins
Smallest and most abundant of plasma Proteins 58%
Exert greatest colloid osmotic pressure
Act as transport proteins for lipids, hormones, and ions
Glibulin
Second largest group of plasma protein
Alpha globulins
Beta globulins
Gamma globulins
Antibodies or immunoglobulins of bodys defense
Fibrinogen
Makes up only 4% of plasma proteins
Contributes to blood clotting formation
After trauma, it is converted to insoluble fibrin strands
Serum is plasma with clotting proteins removed
Hemopoises
Production of formed elements
Occurs in red bone marrow
Hemocytoblast
Stem cells can change to different cells, producing two different cells
Myelin line and Lymphoid line
Myleloid line
Forms erythrocytes, all leukocytes, and megakaryocytes (produce Platelets?)
Lympoid line
Form lymphocytes only
Hemoglobin
Red pigmented proteins
Each compose 4 globins
Four globulins
2 alpha chains
2 beta chains
Hemostasis
Three overlapping phases
Vascular - BV constrict to limit blood loss
Platelets plug formation - stick to site of injury to expose collagen fibers
Coagulation - cascade converts inactive proteins to active, which form fibrin strands of a blood clot
Fibrin
Insoluble protein
Comes from soluble precursor fibrinogen
Clotting retraction
To fall apart
tPa- tissue plasminogen activator takes plasminogen(inactive) and becomes plasmin(active) to fibrin (insoluble) to fibrinogen (soluble)
