Chapter 18 Blood

Question 1

2 parts of blood

Answer 1

1.Formed elements
RBC- carry oxygen
WBC- immunity
Platelets - clotting
2. Plasma
the water portion of blood and proteins

Question 2

Characteristics of blood

Answer 2

Blood color depends on oxygen
Bright red - oxygen rich
Dark red - oxygen poor
Volume
5 litters
Males have more than women due to body size
Viscosity (thickness)
4 to 5 thicker than water
Viscosity increases if erythrocytes (RBC) number increases
Viscosity increases if the amount of fluid decreases

Question 3

Arteries

Answer 3

Transport blood away from heart

Question 4

Veins

Answer 4

Transport blood towards heart

Question 5

Capillaries

Answer 5

Allow exchange between blood and body tissues

Question 6

Erythrocytes

Answer 6

Red blood cells
Most numerous

Question 7

Leukocytes

Answer 7

White blood cells
Large

Question 8

Viscosity

Answer 8

Thickness of blood
Increases if erythrocytes-RBC number increases
Increases if amount of fluid decreases

Question 9

Whole blood

Answer 9

Separated into part by centrifuge
Plasma
Buffy coat
Erythrocytes

Question 10

Plasma

Answer 10

55%
Water & Proteins
Albumins 58%
Globulins 37%
Fibringen 4%

Question 11

Buffy coat

Answer 11

1%
Platelets and leukocytes
Leukocytes,lymphocytes, monocytes
Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

Question 12

Erythrocytes percent

Answer 12

44%
Erythrocytes- whole blood

Question 13

Hematocrit

Answer 13

Percentage of only erythrocytes
Males have more RBC than women because testosterone

Question 14

Albumins

Answer 14

Smallest and most abundant of plasma Proteins 58%
Exert greatest colloid osmotic pressure
Act as transport proteins for lipids, hormones, and ions

Question 15

Glibulin

Answer 15

Second largest group of plasma protein
Alpha globulins
Beta globulins

Question 16

Gamma globulins

Answer 16

Antibodies or immunoglobulins of bodys defense

Question 17

Fibrinogen

Answer 17

Makes up only 4% of plasma proteins
Contributes to blood clotting formation
After trauma, it is converted to insoluble fibrin strands
Serum is plasma with clotting proteins removed

Question 18

Hemopoises

Answer 18

Production of formed elements
Occurs in red bone marrow

Question 19

Hemocytoblast

Answer 19

Stem cells can change to different cells, producing two different cells
Myelin line and Lymphoid line

Question 20

Myleloid line

Answer 20

Forms erythrocytes, all leukocytes, and megakaryocytes (produce Platelets?)

Question 21

Lympoid line

Answer 21

Form lymphocytes only

Question 22

Hemoglobin

Answer 22

Red pigmented proteins
Each compose 4 globins

Question 23

Four globulins

Answer 23

2 alpha chains
2 beta chains

Question 24

Hemostasis
Three overlapping phases

Answer 24

Vascular - BV constrict to limit blood loss
Platelets plug formation - stick to site of injury to expose collagen fibers
Coagulation - cascade converts inactive proteins to active, which form fibrin strands of a blood clot

Question 25

Fibrin

Answer 25

Insoluble protein
Comes from soluble precursor fibrinogen

Question 26

Clotting retraction

Answer 26

To fall apart
tPa- tissue plasminogen activator takes plasminogen(inactive) and becomes plasmin(active) to fibrin (insoluble) to fibrinogen (soluble)