Chapter 18 And Some 19 Flashcards
What is the main function of blood?
To transport nutrients, gases, and wastes
Which of the following is NOT a component of blood?
Adipocytes
What is the primary protein involved in blood clotting?
Fibrinogen
Which of the following is true about erythrocytes (red blood cells)?
They contain hemoglobin to transport gases
What is the process of red blood cell production called?
Erythropoiesis
The primary function of platelets is to:
Help in blood clotting
Which of the following is NOT a granular leukocyte?
Monocyte
What is the main function of neutrophils?
To destroy bacteria through phagocytosis
What is the function of hemoglobin in red blood cells?
To carry oxygen from the lungs to tissues
What is the first step of hemostasis?
Vascular spasm
Which of the following is involved in the intrinsic pathway of coagulation?
Factor XII
What is the role of the Rh factor in blood types?
Is a protein on the surface of red blood cells
Which blood type has both A and B antigens on the surface of red blood cells?
Type AB
What causes hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)?
A mismatch between maternal and fetal Rh blood types
Which of the following describes a transfusion reaction?
Red blood cells clump together due to the mixing of incompatible blood types
The major component of plasma is:
Water
Which chamber of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins?
Left atrium
What is the primary function of the atrioventricular (AV) valves?
To ensure one-way blood flow between the atria and ventricles
Which layer of the heart wall contains cardiac muscle and is responsible for contraction?
Myocardium
Which of the following blood vessels carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart?
Pulmonary arteries
In the systemic circuit, blood flows from the left ventricle into the:
Aorta
What structure in the fetal heart allows blood to bypass the pulmonary circuit?
Foremen ovale
Congenital heart defects (CHDs) occur if which process is disrupted during embryonic development?
Formation of heart septa
The sinoatrial (SA) node is referred to as the pacemaker of the heart because it:
Depolarizes spontaneously at the fastest rate
What is the role of calcium in cardiac muscle contraction?
Binds to troponin to expose myosin-binding sites
Which part of the conduction system slows down depolarization to allow atrial contraction before ventricular contraction?
AV node
What event corresponds to the S1 heart sound (“lub”)?
Closing of atrioventricular valves
During which phase of the cardiac cycle do all four heart valves remain closed?
Isovolumetric contraction
The T wave on an ECG corresponds to:
Ventricular repolarization
Which part of the ECG indicates ventricular depolarization?
QRS complex
What condition results from a calcified valve that is difficult to open?
Valve stenosis
What is the most life-threatening type of fibrillation?
Ventricular fibrillation
