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Aseptic Procedures > Chapter 18 and 19 Key Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 18 and 19 Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Aerobes

A

bacteria that require oxygen to grow

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2
Q

anaerobes

A

bacteria that grow in the absence of oxygen and are destroyed by oxygen

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3
Q

bacilli

A

rod-shaped bacteria that cause tb and other diseases

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4
Q

chancre

A

a painless ulcerating sore

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5
Q

covid-19 - sars-cov-2

A

a coronavirus that is spread person-to-person; caused a pandemic in Dec 2019. it can be mild to severe, causing long-lasting health problems and has caused millions of deaths are the world

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6
Q

creutzfeld-jakob disease

A

rare chronic brain disease with onset in middle to late life (40-60 y/o)

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7
Q

ebola

A

rare but deadly virus that causes bleeding inside and outside of the body

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8
Q

enospores

A

resistant, dormant structures formed inside of some bacteria that can withstand adverse conditions

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9
Q

facultative anaerobes

A

organisms that can grow with or without oxygen

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10
Q

fungi

A

organisms, such as mushrooms, yeasts, and molds found on the land

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11
Q

gram negative

A

classification of bacteria that does not hold a dye stain under a microscope

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12
Q

gram positive

A

classification of bacteria that holds a dye stain and appears dark purple under a microscope

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13
Q

gram’s stain

A

four-step staining process developed by Hans Christian Gram, used to separate bacteria into groups

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14
Q

gram variable

A

classification of bacteria that are not consistently stained

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15
Q

h1n1

A

form of swine influenza virus

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16
Q

herpresvirus

A

virus that causes infections in humans, such as herpes, cytomegalovirus, chickenpox, shingles, mononucleosis, measles, and Kaposi’s sarcoma

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17
Q

human papillomavirus - hpv

A

the most common STD in the US can cause health problems that includes genital warts and cancer

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18
Q

latent

A

dormant

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19
Q

microbiology

A

study of microorganisms

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20
Q

microcephaly

A

abnormal smallness of the head, a congenital condition associated with incomplete brain development

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21
Q

methicillin-resistant

A

staphylococcus aureus - type of infection that is resistant to some antibiotics

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22
Q

nonpathogenic

A

pertaining to microorganisms that do not produce disease

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23
Q

oral candidiasis

A

candida yeast infection of the oral mucosa

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24
Q

pandemic

A

condition that occurs throughout the people of a country or the world

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25
Q

pathogens

A

disease-producing microorganisms

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26
Q

percutaneous

A

through the skin, such as a needle stick, a cut, or a human bite

27
Q

petri plate or dish

A

small, flat dish made of thin glass or plastic that contains a sterile solid medium for the culture of microorganisms

28
Q

prions

A

infectious particles of proteins that lack nucleic acids

29
Q

protozoa

A

single-celled microscopic animals without a rigid cell wall

30
Q

provirus

A

virus that is hidden during the latency period

31
Q

spirochetes

A

spiral-shaped bacteria

32
Q

staphylococci

A

cocci that form irregular groups or clusters

33
Q

streptococci

A

cocci that form chains as they divide

34
Q

tyndallization

A

intermittent, or fractional, sterilization

35
Q

virulent

A

capable of causing serious disease

36
Q

viruses

A

ultra microscopic infectious agent that replicates inside living cells

37
Q

zika

A

a virus that is spread to people primarily through the bite of an infected aedes species mosquito

38
Q

acquired immunity

A

immunity that is developed during a person’s lifetime

39
Q

acute infection

A

infection of short duration that is often severeana

40
Q

anaphylaxis

A

extreme hypersensitivity to a substance that can lead to shock and life-threatening respiratory collapse

41
Q

artificially acquired immunity

A

immunity that results from a vaccination

42
Q

blood-borne disease

A

disease that is caused by microorganisms such as a viruses or bacteria that are carried in the blood

43
Q

chain of infection

A

conditions that all must be present for infection to occur

44
Q

chronic infection

A

an infection of long duration

45
Q

communicable disease

A

a condition caused by an infection that can be spread from person to person or through contact with body fluids

46
Q

direct contact

A

touching or contact with a patient’s blood or saliva

47
Q

droplet infection

A

infection that occurs through mucosal surfaces of the eyes, nose, or mouth

48
Q

immunity

A

ability of the body to resist disease

49
Q

indirect contact

A

touching or contact with a contaminated surface or instrument

50
Q

infection control

A

policies and practices designated to prevent the spread of infectious agents

51
Q

infection prevention

A

the ultimate goal of all infection control procedures and policies

52
Q

infectious disease

A

disease that is communicable

53
Q

inherited immunity

A

immunity that is present at birth

54
Q

latent infection

A

persistent infection with recurrent symptoms that “come and go”

55
Q

naturally acquired immunity

A

immunity that occurs when a person has contracted and is recovering from a disease

56
Q

occupational exposure

A

any reasonably anticipated skin, eye, or mucous membrane contact or percutaneous injury involving blood or any other potentially infectious materials

57
Q

OSHA blood borne pathogens BBP standard

A

guidelines designed to protect employees against occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens

58
Q

pathogen

A

disease-causing organism

59
Q

permucosal

A

contact with mucous membranes, such as the eyes or mouth

60
Q

personal protective equipment

A

items such as protective clothing, masks, gloves, and eyewear used to protect employees

61
Q

standard precautions

A

standard of care designed to protect healthcare workers from pathogens that can be spread by blood or any other body fluid via excretion or secretion; expands on the concept of universal precautions

62
Q

universal precautions

A

guidelines based on treating all human blood and body fluids (including saliva) as potentially infectious

63
Q

virulence

A

strength of a pathogen’s ability to cause disease, also known as pathogenicity

Aseptic Procedures (4 decks)

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