Chapter 18-AIDS and Other Immune Disorders

Question 1

Type 1 (Immediate) Hypersensitivity

Answer 1

Clinical signs of localized allergic reactions, Usually mild and localized, Acute anaphylaxis or anaphylactic shock can happen

Question 2

Type 2 (Cytotoxic) Hypersensitivity

Answer 2

Results when cells are destroyed by an immune response, The Rh system and hemolytic disease of the newborn

Question 3

Type 3 (Immune Complex-Mediated) Hypersensitivity

Answer 3

Caused by formation of immune complexes

Question 4

Type 4 (Delayed or Cell-Mediated) Hypersensitivity

Answer 4

Inflammation occurs 12 to 24 hours after contact with certain antigens, Results from the actions of antigen, antigen-presenting cells, and T cells

Question 5

Graft rejection

Answer 5

Rejection of tissues or organs that have been transplanted

Question 6

Causes of Autoimmune Diseases

Answer 6

May result when an individual begins to make antibodies or cytotoxic T cells against normal body cells

Question 7

Examples of Autoimmune Diseases

Answer 7

Systemic autoimmune diseases, Single-organ autoimmune diseases, Type 1 diabetes, Graves’ disease

Question 8

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Answer 8

Conditions resulting from defective immune mechanisms

Question 9

Acquired Immunodeficiency Diseases

Answer 9

Result from a number of causes, Severe stress, Malnutrition and environmental factors, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Opportunistic infections, low CD4 cells, presence of HIV

Question 10

AIDS pathogen and its virulence factors

Answer 10

HIV, Enveloped, +ssRNA virus, Retrovirus

Question 11

Retrovirus

Answer 11

Uses reverse transcriptase to make DNA copy of genome

Question 12

Pathogenesis of AIDS

Answer 12

Only humans replicate HIV, HIV destroys the immune system, Destruction of helper T cells relates to course of AIDS

Question 13

HIV found in…

Answer 13

blood, semen, saliva, vaginal secretions, and breast milk can cause infections, blood and semen are more infective than other secretions, infected fluid must be injected or contact a tear or lesion in the skin or mucous membranes

Question 14

Diagnosis of Acquired Immunodeficiency Diseases

Answer 14

Based on symptoms, low levels of CD4 lymphocytes, and presence of antibodies against HIV

Question 15

Prevention of Acquired Immunodeficiency Diseases

Answer 15

Behavioral changes can slow the AIDS epidemics, pre-exposure prophylaxis

Question 16

Hypersensitivity

Answer 16

Any immune response against a foreign antigen exaggerated beyond the norm