Chapter 18

Question 1

affective neuroscience

Answer 1

the study of the neural basis of mood and emotion

Question 2

James-Lange theory

Answer 2

a theory proposing that the subjective experience of emotion is a consequence of physiological changes in the body

Question 3

Cannon-Bard theory

Answer 3

a theory of emotion proposing that emotional experience is independent of emotional expression and is determined by the pattern of thalamic activation

Question 4

unconscious emotion

Answer 4

the experience or expression of emotions in the absence of conscious awareness of the stimulus that evoked the emotion

Question 5

limbic lobe

Answer 5

the hippocampus and cortical areas bordering the brain stem in mammals, which Broca proposed as a distinct lobe of the brain

Question 6

Papez circuit

Answer 6

a circuit of structures interconnecting the hypothalamus and cortex, proposed by Papez to be an emotion system

Question 7

limbic system

Answer 7

a group of structures, including those in the limbic lobe and Papez circuit, that are anatomically interconnected and are probably involved in emotion, learning, and memory

Question 8

basic theories of emotion

Answer 8

explanations of emotions based on the principle that there are a small set of hard-wired emotions that are universal across cultures

Question 9

basic emotions

Answer 9

a small set of emotions thought to be unique indivisible experiences that are innate and universal across cultures

Question 10

dimensional theories of emotion

Answer 10

explanations of emotions in which each emotion is built from emotional components such as level of arousal and emotional strength

Question 11

psychological constructionist theories of emotion

Answer 11

explanations of emotions in which each emotion is an emergent consequence of combining non-emotional psychological components such as body sensations and attention

Question 12

Kluver-Bucy syndrome

Answer 12

a constellation of symptoms resulting from bilateral temporal lobectomy in humans and monkeys that includes decreased fear and aggression (flattened emotions), the tendency to identify objects by oral examination rather than visual inspection, and altered sexual bx

Question 13

amygdala

Answer 13

an almond-shaped nucleus in the anterior temporal lobe thought to be involved in emotion and certain types of learning and memory

Question 14

predatory aggression

Answer 14

attack bx, often with the goal of obtaining food, accompanied by few vocalizations and low ANS activity

Question 15

affective aggression

Answer 15

a threatening or defensive form of aggression accompanied by vocalizations and a high level of ANS activity

Question 16

psychosurgery

Answer 16

brain surgery used to treat mental or behavioral disorders

Question 17

sham rage

Answer 17

a display of great anger in a situation that would not normally cause anger; bx produced by brain lesions

Question 18

medial forebrain bundle

Answer 18

a large bundle of axons coursing through the hypothalamus carrying efferents from the dopaminergic, noradrenergic, and serotonergic neurons in the brain stem and fibers interconnecting the hypothalamus, limbic structures, and midbrain tegmental area

Question 19

dorsal longitudinal fasciculus

Answer 19

a bundle of axons reciprocally connecting the hypothalamus and midbrain periaqueductal gray matter

Question 20

periaqueductal gray matter (PAG)

Answer 20

a region surrounding the cerebral aqueduct in the core of the midbrain, with descending pathways that can inhibit the transmission of pain-causing signals

Question 21

serotonin deficiency hypothesis

Answer 21

the idea that aggression is inversely related to serotonergic activity