Chapter 18

Question 1

Alpha 1 Receptors

Answer 1

located in: blood vessels, eye, bladder and prostate

Increases force of heart contraction,
vasoconstriction increases blood pressure;
mydriasis (dilation of pupils)
decreases secretion in salivary glands
increased urinary bladder relaxation and urinary sphincter contraction

when these receptors are stimulated, arterioles and venules constrict, increasing blood return to the heart circulation improves and blood pressure increases. too much stimulation however, means blood flow is decreased to the vital organs

Question 2

Alpha 2 Recptors

location and effects

Answer 2

located in: postganglionic nerve endings

inhibits release of norepinephrine
dilates blood vessels
produces hypotension
decreases GI motility and tone

remember: inhibits NORGI

Question 3

Beta 1 receptors

Answer 3

primarily Heart but also Kidney

increases heart rate and force of contraction
increases renin secretion–> increases angiotensin, which increases BP

Question 4

Beta 2 receptors

Answer 4

located in: Skeletal Muscles, GI, Uterus, Liver, Lungs
SMGULL

increase blood flow in skeletal muscles, promotes GI and uterine relaxation, promotes increase in blood sugar through glycogenolysis in liver, dilates bronchioles

Question 5

where are alpha adrenergic receptors located?

Answer 5

in blood vessels, eye, bladder, and prostate

alpha = number 1

giant eye (bc strongest and number one) with blood vessels sticking out bc mad, with enlarged bladder bc really needs to pee

Question 6

transmitters are inactivated 3 different ways

Answer 6

1. reputake of the transmitter back into the neuron
2. enzymatic degradation or transformation
3. diffusion away fromt he receptor

Question 7

the two enzymes that inactivate norepinephrine are

Answer 7

monamine oxidase (MAO) found INSIDE the neuron and
catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) found OUTSIDE the neuron

Question 8

direct-acting sympathomimetics

e.g.?

Answer 8

directly stimulate the adrenergic receptor

e.g. norepinephrine or epinephrine

Question 9

indirect acting sympathomimetics do what?

e.g.?

Answer 9

simulate the release of NE from the nerve endings

e.g. amphetamine

Question 10

mixed acting sympathomimetics

e.g.?

Answer 10

both direct and indirect, they stimulate the adrenergic receptor sites and stimulate the release of norepinephrine

Question 11

threee types of sympathomimetic drugs which DIRECTLY stimulate the adrenergic receptor (e.g. ep or norepi)

Answer 11

1. direct acting
2. indirect acting
3. mixed acting

Question 12

catecholamines

Answer 12

the chemical structure of a substance that produces a sympathomimetic response

Question 13

endogenous catecholamines

Answer 13

epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine

Question 14

synthetic catecholamines

Answer 14

isoproterenol and dobutamine

Question 15

noncatecholamines

Answer 15

phenyleprhine, metaproterenol, albuterol

they stimulate the adrenergic receptors and have a longer duration of action that endogenous or sympathetic

Question 16

epinephrine is (selective/nonselective) and works on which receptors?

Answer 16

nonselective, alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1, beta 2

Question 17

Albuterol
class
therapeutic use/effect
MOA: 
contraindications:
side effects:

Answer 17

class: beta2 adrenergic agonist
therapeutic use/effect: treats broncho-spasm, asthma, bronchitis, other COPD
MOA: stimulates beta2-adrenergic receptors to relax the bronchial smooth muscles, causing broncho-dilation
contraindications: cardiac disrrhythmias, coronary artery disease
side effects: tremor, dizziness, nervousness, pharyngitis, nasal congestion, insomnia, weakness, diarrhea

Question 18

Epinephrine
class:
therapeutic use/effect:
MOA: 
contraindications:
side effects:

Answer 18

class: adrenergic agonist
therapeutic use/effect: treats allergic reactions, anaphylaxis, asthma, bronchospasm, severe hypotension, cardiac arrest
MOA: acts on both alpha and beta receptors, does ALL THE THINGS, promotes CNS and cardiac stimulation and broncho-dilation, strengthens cardiac contraction, increases cardiac rate and output; reduces mucosal congestion by inhibiting histamine release; reverses anaphylactic reactions
contraindications: cardiac tachydysrhythmias, cerebral arteriosclerosis, pregnancy, narrow angle glaucoma
side effects: anorexia, nausea, vomiting, nervousness, tremors

Question 19

class:
therapeutic use/effect:
MOA: 
contraindications:
side effects:

Answer 19

class
therapeutic use/effect
MOA: 
contraindications:
side effects:

Question 20

class:
therapeutic use/effect:
MOA: 
contraindications:
side effects:

Answer 20

class
therapeutic use/effect
MOA: 
contraindications:
side effects:

Question 21

class:
therapeutic use/effect:
MOA: 
contraindications:
side effects:

Answer 21

class
therapeutic use/effect
MOA: 
contraindications:
side effects:

Question 22

class:
therapeutic use/effect:
MOA: 
contraindications:
side effects: 6

Answer 22

class
therapeutic use/effect
MOA: 
contraindications:
side effects:

Question 23

class
therapeutic use/effect
MOA: 
contraindications:
side effects:

Answer 23

class
therapeutic use/effect
MOA: 
contraindications:
side effects:

Question 24

Atenelol
class:
therapeutic use/effect:
MOA: 
contraindications:
side effects:

Answer 24

CLASS: beta1 adrenergic blocker
THER USE: treats hypertension, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, and heart failure
MOA: selectively blocks beta1 adrenergic receptor sites, decreases sympathetic outflow to the periphery, suppresses renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
CONTRA: sinus bradycardia, heart block > first degree, cardiogenic shock, pulmonary edema, acute bronchospasm, uncompensated cardiac failure, pregnancy, lactation
SIDE EFFECTS/ADVERSE REACTIONS: bradycardia, hypotension, heart failure, masking of hypoglycemia

Question 25

adrenergic blockers are used mainly to treat

Answer 25

hypertension