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Pharm 2 Exam 1 > Chapter 18 > Flashcards

Chapter 18 Flashcards

1
Q

Restrictive Lung Disease

A 
Pulmonary Fibrosis
Pneumonitis
Lung tumors
Thoracic deformities (scoliosis)
Myasthenia gravis
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2
Q

What is Chronic Bronchitis

A

Constant inflammation of the lower airways, characterized by excessive secretions of mucus, hypertrophy or mucous glands and recurring infections, which progresses to narrowing or obstruction of airway

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3
Q

What is Asthma

A

Involves airway inflammation, intermittent airflow obstruction, and bronchial hyper-responsiveness

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4
Q

What is Emphysema

A

Abnormal, irreversible enlargement of air spaces distal to terminal bronchioles due to destruction of alveolar walls, resulting in decreased elastic recoil properties of lungs, characterized by air trapped in the alveoli resulting in inadequate gas exchange

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5
Q

How are asthma and COPD different

A

symptoms do not resolve with COPD
alveoli are damaged with COPD
mucus with COPD

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6
Q

What are drug therapies for obstructive airway diseases

A 
Bronchodilators
Anticholingergics
Anti-inflammatory drugs
Leukotriene Inhibitors
Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) Inhibitors
Mucolytics
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7
Q

How do bronchodilators work

A

They dilate the bronchioles, activate beta 2 receptors in the lungs, helps get the air out, relax smooth muscle,

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8
Q

what are the two beta 2 antagonist Bronchodilators

A

SABA and LABA

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9
Q

What is the suffix of Methylxanthine

A

lline

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10
Q

What is significant about the Methylxanthines

A

They are the only bronchodilators that you take orally or by IV

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11
Q

What are some side effects of Methylxanthine

A

nervousness, insomnia, sweaty, palpitations, increased blood sugar, CNS overstimulation

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12
Q

What are the adverse effects of Mthylxanthine

A

Dysrhythmias, hypotension, can cause seizures, GI bleeding, could lead to death if therapeutic range is exceeded

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13
Q

What is the therapeutic range of Methlxanthine

A

10-20mcg

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14
Q

If the patient begins to have tremors or restlessness with Methylxathine, what should you do

A

Slow down the infusion and call provider

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15
Q

When do you hold a rescue inhaler

A

Heart rate of 120

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16
Q

Name the three SABA’s

A

Albuterol
Levalbuterol
Terbutaline

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17
Q

What is the suffix for SABAs

A

bute, buta

18
Q

What is the suffix for the the LABA’s

A

Salmeterol

Arformoterol

19
Q

What do LABA’s have to be taken with

A

Glucocorteriods, because bronchodilators only relax smooth muscle they do not affect inflammation

20
Q

What is the Anticolenergenic (Bronchodialator)

A

Tiotropium (Spiriva)

Ipratroopium Bromide

21
Q

Do not give Spiriva to what kind of patients

A

Urinary retention, Glaucoma, and Elderly

22
Q

Spiriva is good for what type of patient

A

Heart patients because they don’t cause dysrythmias

23
Q

Side affects of Spiriva

A

insomnia, headache, GI, depression, urinary retention, hyperglycemia, blurred vision, oral ulcerations

24
Q

Adverse effects of Spiriva

A

Perodoxical bronchoconstriction, anaphylaxis, hyperglycemia, angiodema

25
Q

What is the order of administration for bronchodilators, anticholenergenics, and steroids

A

bronch, 5, antichol, 5, steroid

26
Q

What are you Anti-Inflammatory Drugs

A

Corticosteroids, mast cell stabilizers, leukotrien inhibitors

27
Q

Anti-Inflammatory drugs are

A

Glugococorticoids

28
Q

what are the inhaled glucocorticoids

A

Budesonide
Beclomethasone
Fluticasone

29
Q

What are the oral gluc

A

prednisone

30
Q

what are the IV gluc

A

dexamethasone
hydrocotisone
methylpredinsolone

31
Q

What are teh Mast Cell Stabilizers

A

Cromolyn Sodium (INHALED)

32
Q

Adverse affect of Cromolyn Sodium

A

Paradoxil bronchospasm,

33
Q

What are the Leukotriene Inhibitors

A

Zileuton

Zafirlukast

34
Q

What are side effects of Leukotriene Inhibitors

A

upper respiratory infections

35
Q

What are the adverse effects of Leukotriene Inhibitors

A

neuro and psychiatric problems, aggression, anxiety, agitation’s, hallucinations, vivid dreams, memory impairment, increase in DEPRESSION AND SUICIDAL THOUGHTS

36
Q

Leukotrienes are safe for

A

12 months and older

37
Q

Anti-Inflammatory Drugs are for

A

Asthma patients

38
Q

Leukotriens inhibitors

A

Allergy induced and sports induced asthma

39
Q

Which LABA is better for asthma

A

Salmeterol

40
Q

What is the PDE4 Inhibitor

A

roflumilast, for end stage COPD, watch for suicidal thoughts and depression, easier to take because you dont have to monitor blood levels

41
Q

Obstructive Lung Diseases

A 
Narrowed airways (asthma, chronic bronchitis) have trouble getting air out
Destroyed alveoli (emphysema) have trouble getting air out

Pharm 2 Exam 1 (3 decks)

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