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H&S Psych > Chapter 18 > Flashcards

Chapter 18 Flashcards

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1
Q

Hierarchy of needs

A

Activate and direct human behavior

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2
Q

The needs are instinctoid aka,

A

Hereditary component, but are affected, changed, and possibly overridden by learning, social expectations, and fear of disapproval.

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3
Q

Characteristics of needs (7)

A
  • The lower the need is on the pyramid, the greater the strength and priority
  • Higher needs appear later in life
  • Failure to satisfy lower needs produces a crisis
  • Higher needs contribute to survival and growth
  • Satisfaction of higher needs leads to commitment, happiness, and fulfillment
  • Gratification of higher needs requires better external circumstances
  • Need does not have to be fully satisfied before next need becomes important
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4
Q

Physiological Needs

A

Encompasses specific biological requirements for water, oxygen, proteins, vitamins, proper body temperature, sleep, sex, exercise, etc…

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5
Q

Safety Needs

A

Encompasses security, protection, stability, structure, law and order, and freedom from chaos and fear.

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6
Q

Belongingness and Love Needs

A

Orient a person toward affectionate relationships with people, and a sense of place in family and groups.

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7
Q

Esteem Needs (2)

A
  • Personal drives for adequacy, mastery, competence, achievement, confidence, independence, and freedom
  • Receiving from other people: fame, dominance, status, recognition, or social success.
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8
Q

Self-Actualization Needs

A

“What a person CAN BE, that person feels compelled TO BECOME.” aka Be all you can be.

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9
Q

Metamotivation

A

The motivation of self-actualizers, which involves maximizing personal potential rather than striving for a particular goal object.

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10
Q

Metaneeds (definition and 4 kinds)

A

States of growth toward which self-actualizers evolve

  • Goodness
  • Uniqueness
  • Beauty
  • Perfection
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11
Q

Cognitive Needs

A

Motivations to know, to understand, to explain, and to satisfy curiosity.

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12
Q

Metapathology

A

A thwarting of self-development related to failure to satisfy the metaneeds.

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13
Q

Jonah Complex

A

The fear of maximizing our potential will lead to a situation with which we will be unable to cope.

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14
Q

Peak Experiences

A

An intensification of any experience to the degree that there is a loss or transcendence of self.

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15
Q

Conditions for self-actualization (4)

A
  • Free from constraints imposed by society and by ourselves
  • Not distracted by lower-order needs
  • Secure in our self-image and in our relationships with others (must be able to love and be loved in return)
  • Have realistic knowledge of our strengths and weaknesses, virtues and vices
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16
Q

Awareness (4)

A
  • Clear perceptions of reality
  • Continued freshness of appreciation
  • Tendency to have peak experiences
  • Clear ethical awareness and standards
17
Q

Honesty (4)

A
  • Unhostile sense of humor
  • Acceptance of others and self
  • Personal relationships deep but few
  • Deep feeling kinship with all people
18
Q

Freedom (4)

A
  • Simplicity
  • Need for privacy
  • Creativeness
  • Autonomous and independent from culture and environment
19
Q

Trust (3)

A
  • Problem-focused
  • Acceptance of people and nature for what they are
  • Resistance to cultural conformity
20
Q

Characteristics of Self-actualization (4)

A
  • Awareness
  • Honesty
  • Freedom
  • Trust
21
Q

Self-actualized individuals (8)

A
  • Gandhi
  • MLK, Jr.
  • Einstein
  • Lincoln
  • Jefferson
  • Malcolm X
  • Susan B. Anthony
  • Eleanor Roosevelt
22
Q

Criticisms of Maslow

A
  • Poor research methods
  • Difficult to define self-actualization
  • Maslow chose people he admired
  • Inconsistent in the use of his terms
23
Q

The General Actualizing Tendency

A

An inherent tendency of the organisms to develop all its capacities in ways which serve to maintain or enhance the organism.

24
Q

Self-actualization (according to Rogers)

A

A person’s lifelong process of realizing his or her potentialities to become a fully functioning person. (“To be that self which one truly is”)

25
Q

Areas associated with self-actualization (3)

A
  • Increased openness to experience
  • The person is “time competent”, experiencing life in the here and now
  • The person places full trust in his or her intuitions
26
Q

The 3 characteristics necessary for therapeutic change and development of rapport

A
  • Congruence
  • Unconditional positive regard
  • Accurate empathy
27
Q

Congruence

A

When self-concept and experiences relating to self are consistent.

28
Q

Unconditional positive regard

A

Accepted, valued, worthwhile, and trusted, simply for being who one is.

29
Q

Accurate Empathy

A

The ability to accurately perceive the clients internal world in a non-evaluative way.

30
Q

The Hierarchy of Needs (5) pyramid

A
  • self-actualization
  • esteem
  • love
  • safety
  • physiological

H&S Psych (4 decks)

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